Selective Abolition of the NMDA Component of Long-Term Potentiation in Mice Lacking mGluR5

The mechanisms underlying the differential expression of long-term potentiation (LTP) by AMPA and NMDA receptors, are unknown, but could involve G-protein-linked metabotropic glutamate receptors. To investigate this hypothesis we created mutant mice that expressed no metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), but showed normal development. In an earlier study of these mice we analyzed field-excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSPs) in CA1 region of the hippocampus and found a small decrease; possibly arising from changes in the NMDAR-mediated component of synaptic transmission. In the present study we used whole-cell patch clamp recordings of evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in CA1 pyramidal neurons to identify the AMPAR- and NMDAR-mediated components of LTP. Recordings from control mice following tetanus, or agonist application (IS, 3R-1-amino-cyclopentane 1,3-dicarboxylic acid) (ACPD), revealed equal enhancement of the AMPA and NMDA receptor-mediated components. In contrast, CA1 neurons from mGluR5-deficient mice showed a complete loss of the NMDA-receptor-mediated component of LTP (LTP_NMDA), but normal LTP of the AMPA-receptor-mediated component (LTP_AMPA). This selective loss of LTP_NMDA was seen in three different genotypic backgrounds and was apparent at all holding potentials (−70 mV to +20 mV). Furthermore, the LTP_NMDA deficit in mGluR5 mutant mice could be rescued by stimulating protein kinase C (PKC) with 4β-phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu). These results suggest that PKC may couple the postsynaptic mGluR5 to the NMDA-receptor potentiation during LTP, and that this signaling mechanism is distinct from LTP_AMPA. Differential enhancement of AMPAR and NMDA receptors by mGluR5 also supports a postsynaptic locus for LTP.     

对分心物特性抑制中位置因素的排除

本研究以汉语单字词为材料,使用反应时技术,考察在归类住条中分心物的位置因素是否也与分心物特性因素一样,影响被试对探测显示中目标的反应时间（RTDT）。结果表明,RTDT不随分心物位置数目变化而变化,只随着分心物特性数目变化而变化．由此得出,象归类这种属于语义表征的、与位置无关的任务中被试并不抑制分心物出现的位置,并可进一步推论,分心物抑制可能是一种灵活机制。     

4—9岁儿童逻辑推理能力的研究——对J.Piaget某些实验的验证

本文是对皮亚杰“物体守恒”实验的验证。从而探讨了4—9岁儿童在形成守恒概念中的逻辑思惟发展过程,为编制智力测验量表提供了有关参考数据。     

教材内容的情感性分析及其处理策略

人们对教材的教学心理学分析研究相对较少,仅有的也多囿于认知维度。奥苏贝尔在其意义学习理论框架下研究了教材的意义性及其学习条件问题,并提出了著名的处理教材内容的先行组织者策略,然其研究仍属认知维度。其实,教材也是构成教学中情感现象的一个重要源点,对其进行情感性分析研究,将有助于从情感维度系统优化教学。故本文对教材内容进行较系统的情感分析,归纳为蕴涵显性、隐性、悟性和中性情感因素的四大类,并在教学实验     

从“孔子学院”看汉语和中国教育的国际化认同

教育无国界是有识之士的共识,也是不可逆转的潮流。中国采取在世界各地建立孔子学院的形式加大吐人对汉语和中国的教育的认识,文章从孔子学院在世界各地的运作形式,阐述了孔子学院发展近四年多来对世界的影响和世界对汉语和中国教育的国际化认同以及对有关的问题进行了反思。     

从产业经济发展的角度考证我国古代职业教育的发源

职业技术教育是随产业的产生而产生、随产业的发展而发展的,这是职业技术教育产生与发展的原始动因和持续动力,也是我们考证职业教育何时形成的重要判断依据。在我国奴隶社会之前,社会经济文化的发展还没有导致社会经济产业化的形成,人们之间的社会分工还没有达到专门的职业化。那时,技术技能的学习与传授是在日常生活和日常劳动中实现的,是偶然的、分散的、带有一定随机性的,没有专门的教育场所和教育人员。夏商周三代,少数脑力劳动者成为专门掌管文化及农业、手工业、商业等行业的官吏,实行“子习父学”的职官教育,奴隶和平民没有接受专业技术教育的权利。春秋桓、管时期,社会生产力进一步发展,产业分工越来越细致化、专职化,产业经济的发展要求具备相应的职业教育;齐桓公为称霸诸侯任用管仲为相,推行“四民分业定居制度,从而最早产生了我国历史上真正意义的职业教育。     

注意分散对老年人错误记忆的影响

该实验以经典DRM词表为实验材料,采用简化后的联合范式来探讨注意资源对老年人错误记忆的影响。比较老年人和青年人在注意集中和注意分散条件下的错误记忆成绩。结果发现,老年组的虚报率显著高于青年人的虚报率,特别在注意集中条件下。更重要的是,老年人在注意集中条件下的虚报率与青年人在注意分散条件下的虚报率相比无显著差异,同时两种条件下的判断标准差异也不显著。结果显示,老年人相比于青年人有更多错误记忆的原因可能是注意资源的不足。     

Soccer player's and closed-skill athletes' execution of a complex motor skill

The main purpose of this study was to investigate possible differences in speed and accuracy of motor execution among female soccer players in an Expert Soccer group, a Novice Soccer group, and a Closed-skill Athlete group. There were two main findings. Firstly, both soccer groups performed better than the Closed-skill Athletes on speed and accuracy of motor execution. Secondly, there were no significant differences between Expert and Novice soccer players in the speed and accuracy of motor execution.     

发掘情感策略的实验研究

将对内含隐性情感因素的教材内容实施情感性处理的一种策略——发掘情感策略运用于语文教学,进行现场的教学实验研究。研究结果表明：在内含隐性情感因素的文科教材内容中,可以运用发掘情感策略来对其进行情感性处理;这对促进学生的认知学习和情感发展、提高课堂教学质量是有效的。     

Signal Detection Models with Random Participant and Item Effects

The theory of signal detection is convenient for measuring mnemonic ability in recognition memory paradigms. In these paradigms, randomly selected participants are asked to study randomly selected items. In practice, researchers aggregate data across items or participants or both. The signal detection model is nonlinear; consequently, analysis with aggregated data is not consistent. In fact, mnemonic ability is underestimated, even in the large-sample limit. We present two hierarchical Bayesian models that simultaneously account for participant and item variability. We show how these models provide for accurate estimation of participants’ mnemonic ability as well as the memorability of items. The model is benchmarked with a simulation study and applied to a novel data set. This research is supported by NSF grants SES-0095919 and SES-0351523, NIH grant R01-MH071418, a University of Missouri Research Leave grant and fellowships from the Spanish Ministry of Education and the University of Leuven, Belgium.