Development and validation of the Childhood Perfectionism Inventory (I.P.I.)

There are a few studies linking children's perfectionism with diverse internalized or externalized disorders. Likewise, in Spanish, there is no scale that measures the diverse aspects that comprise it. This paper presents the Children's Perfectionism Inventory (IPI). The sample comprised 2,260 participants (51.2% males and 48.8% females). The age range is between 8 and 13 years (mean= 9.94 and SD= 1.27). Sampling was stratified and random. Of the sample, 78.1% are from public education and 21.9% from private education. 16.2% reside in rural areas and 83.8% in urban areas. To study the validity of the questionnaire, cross-validation was performed. Initially three factors were obtained through exploratory factor analysis: Self-assessment, Self-imposed and External Pressures, with adequate reliability indices (Cronbach's alpha= .89, .87 and .88, respectively). Subsequently, using a confirmatory method, it was found that the three initial factors were explained by a single second-order factor called Perfectionism.     

Structural model of acculturation attitudes and related psychosocial variables: Empirical evidence in native Spaniards

This work falls within the framework of the study of acculturation processes of natives and immigrants. Its goal is to test an explanatory multi‐group model of natives' acculturation attitudes as a function of diverse psychosocial variables: Prejudice and natives' appraisal of their own culture (in a direct way) and inter‐group contact and perceived inter‐group similarity (in an indirect way). Participants were 499 Spaniards surveyed for their attitude towards Romanian immigrants and 493 towards Ecuadorian immigrants. The indicators used took into account three socio‐cultural spheres: peripheral, intermediate and central areas. This multi‐group model shows an adequate fit to the data.     

Perspective taking promotes action understanding and learning

People often learn actions by watching others. The authors propose and test the hypothesis that perspective taking promotes encoding a hierarchical representation of an actor's goals and subgoals-a key process for observational learning. Observers segmented videos of an object assembly task into coarse and fine action units. They described what happened in each unit from either the actor's, their own, or another observer's perspective and later performed the assembly task themselves. Participants who described the task from the actor's perspective encoded actions more hierarchically during observation and learned the task better.     

Neuropsychological outcome of GPi pallidotomy and GPi or STN deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease

This paper highlights the neuropsychological sequelae of posteroventral pallidotomy (PVP) and deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) at 3/6 months postoperatively. Results are based on our extensive experience with PVP and our preliminary observations with DBS. Patients with borderline cognitive or psychiatric functioning risk postoperative decompensation. Nonlateralizing attentional and hemisphere-specific impairments of frontostriatal cognitive functions followed unilateral PVP. "Frontal" behavioral dyscontrol was observed in approximately 25% of patients. Three cases of staged bilateral PVP suggest that premorbid factors may predict outcome, although lesion size and location are also critical. Older patients are at risk for significant cognitive and behavioral decline after bilateral STN DBS, while GPi DBS may be safer.     

Introducing the Open Affective Standardized Image Set (OASIS)

We introduce the Open Affective Standardized Image Set (OASIS), an open-access online stimulus set containing 900 color images depicting a broad spectrum of themes, including humans, animals, objects, and scenes, along with normative ratings on two affective dimensions—valence (i.e., the degree of positive or negative affective response that the image evokes) and arousal (i.e., the intensity of the affective response that the image evokes). The OASIS images were collected from online sources, and valence and arousal ratings were obtained in an online study (total N = 822). The valence and arousal ratings covered much of the circumplex space and were highly reliable and consistent across gender groups. OASIS has four advantages: (a) the stimulus set contains a large number of images in four categories; (b) the data were collected in 2015, and thus OASIS features more current images and reflects more current ratings of valence and arousal than do existing stimulus sets; (c) the OASIS database affords users the ability to interactively explore images by category and ratings; and, most critically, (d) OASIS allows for free use of the images in online and offline research studies, as they are not subject to the copyright restrictions that apply to the International Affective Picture System. The OASIS images, along with normative valence and arousal ratings, are available for download from www.benedekkurdi.com/#oasis or https://db.tt/yYTZYCga.     

Validity evidence of the Health-Related Quality of Life for Drug Abusers Test based on the Biaxial Model of Addiction

The aim of this work is to show evidence of the validity of the Health-Related Quality of Life for Drug Abusers Test (HRQoLDA Test). This test was developed to measure specific HRQoL for drugs abusers, within the theoretical addiction framework of the biaxial model. The sample comprised 138 patients diagnosed with opiate drug dependence. In this study, the following constructs and variables of the biaxial model were measured: severity of dependence, physical health status, psychological adjustment and substance consumption. Results indicate that the HRQoLDA Test scores are related to dependency and consumption-related problems. Multiple regression analysis reveals that HRQoL can be predicted from drug dependence, physical health status and psychological adjustment. These results contribute empirical evidence of the theoretical relationships established between HRQoL and the biaxial model, and they support the interpretation of the HRQoLDA Test to measure HRQoL in drug abusers, thus providing a test to measure this specific construct in this population.     

Development and validation of the Granada Burnout Questionnaire in Spanish police

The goal of the present study is to develop a questionnaire, with proper psychometric properties and current norms, to evaluate the burnout syndrome in Spain. The operative definition of burnout proposed by Maslach and Jackson is used to define three dimensions (Emotional exhaustion, Depersonalization and Personal accomplishment). A total of 2,403 national Spanish police participated. Evidence of construct validity was checked through cross validation (showing a good fit of the three factors model to the data). Using the MBI, NEO-FII and CECAD evidence of convergent validity and criteria validity were developed (showing that the relations are similar to the ones that appear in other research). The discrimination, mean, standard deviation, and typical error of the average of the items composing the various dimensions were analyzed. Both the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the conditional standard error of measurement (CSEM) were calculated for each of the dimensions. The results showed good internal consistency (all α values > .85). Finally, the questionnaire was scaled using T scores. The psychometrical properties reported here support the use of this new questionnaire for the burnout evaluation in Spanish police.     

The Anxiety Sensitivity Index–3: Analyses of Dimensions,Reliability Estimates,and Correlates in Nonclinical Samples

Body image and self-steering behavior in a group of 40 African hospitalized paraplegics and two control groups of non-hospitalized Ss were investigated using the DAP and the PUTCO African TAT. It was hypothesized that the paraplegics would demonstrate a body image characterized by significant pathology and would have a higher loading on the passive-submission dimension than a control group of Ss. The results failed to substantiate the research hypotheses. Instead, the findings suggest that both groups were characterized by a field-dependent perceptual framework associated with indefinite body image boundaries and a lack of self-steering behavior. These findings are accounted for in terms of a developmental cultural interpretation.     

Niveles socioeconómicos-culturales y ejecución lingüística

Resumen

En este artículo se realiza una aproximación al estudio y evaluación del lenguaje desde una perspectiva psicosocial. El objetivo prioritario de esta investigación es conocer y exporter la importancia y relevancia que poseen ciertas variables socioeconómicas culturales, tipificadas como indicadores sociales, sobre el rendimiento en lenguaje, evaluado a través del I.T.P.A., de una muestra de escolares del Ciclo Medio de la E.G.B, en Galicia.     

Problemas metodológicos y conceptuales en el estudio de la función autorreguladora del habla

Resumen

Desde una perspectiva vygotskiana se revisa la evolución de las investigaciones relativas al desarrollo de la función reguladora del habla. Se discuten la metodología y el soporte conceptual de los estudios originales de Luria y de los intentos de replicación realizados por autores occidentales. Se presentan y comentan también varias aportaciones posteriores: tanto los nuevos planteamientos empíricos, como los nuevos desarrollos conceptuales. Finalmente, se señala la necesidad de atender a nuevos criterios en la elección de las tareas, de registrar las verbalizaciones espontáneas y de analizar el proceso de sociogénesis. Se concluye identificando dos factores influyentes en la emisión del habla egocéntrica (dificultad relativa de la tarea y percepción del contexto social) y distinguiendo, dentro del funcionamiento de la autorregulación verbal, entre el sistema activador, ligado a los aspectos de impulso, y el sistema de planificación y control, asociado a la propiedad de mediación semiótica.