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51.
Lindsay M. Andrews Emily Bullock‐Yowell Eric R. Dahlen Bonnie C. Nicholson 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2014,92(3):270-279
This study identified relationships among career‐specific barriers (i.e., perfectionism, negative career thoughts, career decision‐making self‐efficacy) in a sample of 300 college students. The authors found relationships among the constructs of interest, prediction of variance in career decision‐making self‐efficacy, and differences among groups of perfectionists on endorsements of negative career thoughts and career decision‐making self‐efficacy. The findings suggest that interventions addressing maladaptive perfectionism and dysfunctional career thinking may enhance clients’ confidence in decision making. 相似文献
52.
Shannon B. Nicholson 《Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma》2017,26(5):475-492
External mechanisms and batterer behaviors have commonly been cited as to why women remain in intimate partner violence relationships. However, past research has generally minimized the focus on individual psychological elements of victims that perpetuate their commitments to abusers. The current review proposes the potential for cognitive dissonance resolution as an underlying mechanism to affect female victims’ stay/leave decisions while in domestically violent relationships. High and low levels of self-esteem differentially affect the resolution of cognitive dissonance as explained by self-consistency and self-affirmation theories. Theories of commitment including the foot-in-the-door principle, justification of effort, and the investment model are applied specifically to the arousal of dissonance in victims. The importance of taking into account the mechanisms of dissonance arousal and subsequent reduction techniques are proposed for treating this population and preventing similar relationships in the future. 相似文献
53.
PeiYao Chen Faedra Lazar Weiss Heather Johnston Nicholson 《American journal of community psychology》2010,46(1-2):228-237
Between 2004 and 2007, Girls Incorporated® conducted research about the experience of five affiliates from different parts of the United States as they engaged with girls in Girls Study Girls Inc., a participatory evaluation project that explored the meaning and impact of Girls Inc. environments and uncovered ways such environments can be improved. We describe the context and motivation for using participatory action research [PAR] in Girls Inc. environments and discuss the relevance and importance of PAR for organizations that empower girls and young women. We explain the process of training and engaging Girls Inc. members in research, discuss the effectiveness of Girls Study Girls Inc. as an evaluation strategy, and conclude this article with lessons learned and recommendations for using PAR in evaluating youth development programs. 相似文献
54.
Brian C. Nolan Daniel A. Nicholson John H. Freeman 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2002,37(4):293-310
The cerebellum and related brainstem structures are essential for excitatory eyeblink conditioning. Recent evidence indicates
that the cerebellar interpositus and lateral pontine nuclei may also play critical roles in conditioned inhibition (CI) of
the eyeblink response. The current study examined the role of GABAergic inhibition of the interpositus nucleus in retention
of CI. Male Long-Evans rats were implanted with a cannula positioned just above or in the anterior interpositus nucleus before
training. The rats were trained with two different tones and a light as conditioned stimuli, and a periorbital shock as the
unconditioned stimulus. CI training consisted of four phases: 1) excitatory conditioning (8 kHz tone paired with shock); 2)
feature-negative discrimination (2 kHz tone paired with shock or 2 kHz tone concurrent with light); 3) summation test (8 kHz
tone or 8 kHz tone concurrent with light); and 4) retardation test (light paired with shock) After reaching a criterion level
of performance on the feature-negative discrimination (40% discrimination), 0.5 μl picrotoxin (a GABAA receptor antagonist) was infused at one of four concentrations, each concentration infused during separte test sessions.
Picrotoxin transiently impaired conditioned responses during trials with the excitatory stimulus (tone) in a dose-dependent
manner, but did not significantly impact responding to the inhibitory compound stimulus (tone-light). The results suggest
that expression of conditioned inhibition of the eyeblink conditioned response does not require GABAergic inhibition of neurons
in the anterior interpositus nucleus. 相似文献
55.
56.
Pauline Lightbody Stephen Nicholson Gerda Siann Dave Walsh 《British Journal of Guidance & Counselling》1997,25(1):67-79
To find out why some college or university courses are particularly attractive to ethnic-minority school-leavers, school pupils and first-year students of South Asian (n=158) and UK origin (n = 158) completed a questionnaire relating to occupational choice. The social position attainable from a 'respected' profession and the ability to work with others who share similar beliefs were found to be of greater importance to subjects from an Asian background than to those of UK origin, who placed greater emphasis on personal growth and autonomy. There was no evidence that the Asian young people were consciously choosing careers with the aim of avoiding discrimination. 相似文献
57.
Patrick C Thauberger John F Cleland Loyd Nicholson 《Journal of research in personality》1982,16(2):165-178
The foray of quantification research into the arena of existentialism and ontology has given rise to several psychometric instruments pertinent to the area. Both exploratory and Confirmatory principal-factor analyses were used to study the relationships among 16 existential scales currently in use in the research literature. Participants were 133 individuals comprised of 74 females and 59 males with a median age of approximately 30.5 years. Approximately one half of the sample was in attendance at the University of Regina and Saskatchewan during the 1976–1977 fall term, while the remainder was drawn from the respective communities. Confirmatory factor analysis supported both the prediction of substantial condensation of existential scales and the presence of an avoidance of ontological confrontation factor. Exploratory factor analysis provided some support of the theory that the avoidance of existential confrontation is a central function of neurosis. Extracted factors were interpreted and examined with respect to implications for existential-ontological theory and research. 相似文献
58.
Data from the Rhode Island Behavioral Risk Factor Survey on self-reported alcohol consumption and drunk driving were examined. Driving while intoxicated was significantly associated with both binge drinking and chronic drinking, but the measures of drinking were not significantly associated. 相似文献
59.
In a sample of patients admitted to two state psychiatric facilities, discriminant analyses were used to predict (1) legal status at admission (voluntary versus emergency detention), and (2) the subsequent decision to commit patients initially admitted under an order of emergency detention (court commitment versus release). Measures of preadmission dangerousness, followed by variables reflecting degree of disability or impairment, accounted for most of the variance in legal status at admission. Personal resources and demographic characteristics added little to the discrimination. Measures of disability accounted for most of the variance in the later decision to commit, whereas indices of dangerousness, personal resources, and demographics added little to discrimination of discharged and court-committed patients. These findings reflect the gap between legal standards and the practice of civil commitment, and support the argument that degree of disability plays a more important role than dangerousness in decisions to extend the hospitalization of involuntary patients. 相似文献
60.
Walter B. Pryzwansky Charles L. Nicholson Norman P. Uhl 《Journal of School Psychology》1974,12(1):2-7
Urban and rural girls enrolled in second grades of a school system in the South were randomly assigned to black and white examiners to be tested on an individually administered intelligence test. The interaction of race of examiner, race of subject, and location of subject's home on test performance was investigated using a factorial design employing analysis of covariance. This interaction was not significant. However, as found in other studies, the white children as a group scored significantly higher than the black children. A discussion of conditions in which an interaction relationship may result is presented. 相似文献