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571.
As part of a wider strategy to reduce health inequalities, England's National Health Service has introduced health trainers (HTs) to facilitate healthier behaviour among disadvantaged groups. This study reports baseline data from the first English HT service: assessing whether the HTs reached socially disadvantaged clients engaging in unhealthy behaviours and describing client belief characteristics relevant to the delivery of the service. Data from 864 clients show that the service reached disadvantaged groups and that those groups were engaging in risky health behaviours. Self-efficacy about changing behaviour was not strong and clients were unlikely to have made explicit behaviour-change plans prior to attending the service. Implications for HT services around targeting those most in need and supporting psychological triggers for change are discussed. 相似文献
572.
Shakoor S Jaffee SR Andreou P Bowes L Ambler AP Caspi A Moffitt TE Arseneault L 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(3):379-387
Stressful events early in life can affect children’s mental health problems. Collecting valid and reliable information about
children’s bad experiences is important for research and clinical purposes. This study aimed to (1) investigate whether mothers
and children provide valid reports of bullying victimization, (2) examine the inter-rater reliability between the two informants,
(3) test the predictive validity of their reports with children’s emotional and behavioral problems and (4) compare the genetic
and environmental etiology of bullying victimization as reported by mothers and children. We assessed bullying victimization
in the Environmental-Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a nationally-representative sample of 1,116 families with twins.
We collected reports from mothers and children during private interviews, including detailed narratives. Findings showed that
we can rely on mothers and children as informants of bullying victimization: both informants provided information which adhered
to the definition of bullying as involving repeated hurtful actions between peers in the presence of a power imbalance. Although
mothers and children modestly agreed with each other about who was bullied during primary and secondary school, reports of
bullying victimization from both informants were similarly associated with children’s emotional and behavioral problems and
provided similar estimates of genetic and environmental influences. Findings from this study suggest that collecting information
from multiple informants is ideal to capture all instances of bullying victimization. However, in the absence of child self-reports,
mothers can be considered as a viable alternative, and vice versa. 相似文献
573.
574.
Tousignant M Pouliot L Routhier D Vrakas G McGirr A Turecki G 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2011,41(1):66-78
The first objective was to identify the provoking events of suicide in patients with schizophrenia or schizoid-type disorder, and to assess the humiliation component of these events. The second objective was to verify if quality of care during childhood is a vulnerability factor for suicide in patients with schizophrenia or schizoid-type psychosis. Thirty-three cases of suicide with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoid-type psychosis were compared with 34 living patients with a similar diagnosis. The psychological autopsy method was used. The assessments were made with the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Axis I mental disorders, the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule, and the Child Experiences and Child Abuse Interview. The suicide group (SG) experienced more often a recent severe event, usually of a humiliation nature, than the control group (CG). It also experienced more severe events associated with aggressive behavior or with psychiatric impairment. Contrary to expectations, the CG had worse scores than the SG for quality of care during childhood. In conclusion, suicide in schizophrenia is related both to environmental stress and to psychiatric impairment. 相似文献
575.
Maike Luhmann Louise C. HawkleyMichael Eid John T. Cacioppo 《Journal of research in personality》2012,46(4):431-441
We examined whether the empirical differences between affective well-being (AWB) and cognitive well-being (CWB) might be due to (a) the use of different time frames in measures of AWB and CWB or (b) structural differences. In Study 1, a multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) analysis indicated that levels of different components are more similar but do not converge completely when the same time frame is used. In Study 2, we found that people are more likely to consider global life circumstances (as opposed to specific events and activities) when they evaluate their CWB, regardless of the specific time frame. In both studies, the time frame did not moderate the associations between AWB and CWB and important correlates (personality, life circumstances). 相似文献
576.
577.
Henry JD Rendell PG Phillips LH Dunlop L Kliegel M 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2012,65(7):1274-1287
Prior research indicates that, in some circumstances, reminders may facilitate prospective remembering. However, it remains unclear whether this effect is dependent on the initiation source (self vs. external), whether it is moderated by task type (event vs. time based), or whether the provision of standardized reminders particularly benefits older adults. In the current study, young (n?=?48) and older adults (n?=?47) were tested on a laboratory-based prospective memory task in which they encountered three counterbalanced reminder conditions: no reminders, self-initiated reminders, and experimenter-initiated reminders. The results indicated that while the provision of reminders enhanced prospective memory performance, no difference was seen between self-initiated and experimenter-initiated reminder conditions, nor was there any interaction with age or prospective memory type (event vs. time based). These data support the role of both self- and externally generated external reminders as an aid to prospective remembering. However, the absence of any interaction with age is not consistent with theoretical models of ageing that consider the provision of such reminders to reduce strategic demands (or increase automatic processing). 相似文献
578.
Hanne Louise Jensen 《Emotion, Space and Society》2012,5(3):201-206
The overall aim of this paper is to discuss how including, and stressing, emotions in research enables us to understand the experience of commuting as an everyday practice that has more meaning than a journey from A to B. The paper shows how emotions are practiced and produced while commuting, and how these emotions are crucial for the production of social space onboard trains. In doing so it draws on ethnographical research conducted while following various commuting communities and individual commuters. The paper concludes that the emotional practice of commuting produces an ever changing space where the practices of commuting with all their variations fill and add to lives on board and outside of the train. 相似文献
579.
Louise Early D. Clin. Psy Delia Cushway Ph.D. Tony Cassidy Ph.D. 《Journal of child and family studies》2006,15(2):165-176
We report the development of a 5-factor, 31-item, Young Carers Perceived Stress Scale (YCPSS) from an initial 50-item pool. The scale was developed and tested on 108 young carers aged between 12–18 years, and acceptable Cronbach Alpha values were obtained for the individual factors and the overall scale. In addition, both the overall scale and individual factors produced a pattern of correlations with social support, burden of care, psychological distress, and coping, supporting the initial validity and utility of the scale. 相似文献
580.
Drawing from learning and attitude theories, the current investigation explores the effect of media on students’ attitudes.
Study 1 was a content analysis of 34 films classified as university-themed comedies and showed that such films highlighted
risk-taking (e.g., alcohol consumption) and minimized the importance of academics (e.g., studying). The purpose of Study 2
was to demonstrate the impact of these films on the attitudes university students hold. One hundred and twenty-four undergraduates
viewed a segment of either Animal House or a neutral film and results showed that viewing Animal House brought about positive attitudes towards substance use and negative attitudes towards academics even when controlling for
past substance use and movie viewing frequency. The discussion focuses on future directions. 相似文献