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181.
Robert Mark Simpson 《International Journal for Philosophy of Religion》2009,65(3):153-169
Proponents of the view which I call ‘moral antitheodicy’ call for the theistic discourse of theodicy to be abandoned, because,
they claim, all theodicies involve some form of moral impropriety. Three arguments in support of this view are examined: the
argument from insensitivity, the argument from detachment, and the argument from harmful consequences. After discussing the
merits of each argument individually, I attempt to show that they all must presuppose what they are intended to establish,
namely, that the set of premises advanced in any given theodicy will be untenable. I conclude by discussing what uses there
might be for the moral critique of theodicy, if it cannot be used to ground a global rejection of theodical practice. 相似文献
182.
Paul D. Hastings Isabel Fortier William T. Utendale Louise R. Simard Philippe Robaey 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(4):565-578
Disruptions to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function have been associated with varying forms of psychopathology
in children. Studies suggesting children with ADHD have blunted HPA function have been complicated by the prevalence of comorbid
diagnoses and heterogeneity of ADHD. The goals of this research were to assess the relations between waking and stress–response
salivary cortisol levels and comorbid disruptive behavior (DBD) and anxiety (AnxD) disorders and problems in boys with ADHD,
and to examine whether cortisol levels varied across ADHD subtypes. One hundred seventy elementary school-age boys with ADHD
provided salivary cortisol at waking and in reaction to venipuncture. Parent reports were used to assess boys’ psychiatric
diagnoses and severity of behavioral problems. Boys’ comorbid AnxD and anxiety problems were associated with greater cortisol
reactivity, whereas boys’ comorbid DBD and oppositional problems predicted diminished adrenocortical activity. Reactive cortisol
increases were greatest in boys with ADHD and comorbid AnxD, but without DBD. ADHD subtypes were not differentially associated
with waking, pre-stress baseline, or reactive cortisol levels. However, comorbid DBD predicted decreased cortisol reactivity
in boys with inattentive and hyperactive subtypes of ADHD, but not in boys with combined subtype of ADHD. The results clarify
previous patterns of distinct and divergent dysregulations of HPA function associated with boys’ varying kinds of psychopathology.
相似文献
Paul D. HastingsEmail: |
183.
Goal-setting and mental effort investment may be influenced by the perception of success or failure. The aim of the current
study was to investigate the dynamics of motivational intensity model using false performance feedback. Forty participants
performed a demanding cognitive task over five successive (5 min) blocks. Participants received performance feedback of either
progressive success or progressive failure. A number of psychophysiological variables were used to index mental effort investment
and emotion, including: HRV components, blood pressure, skin conductance level, EEG, and facial EMG. Subjective estimates
of mood, workload and motivation were also collected alongside performance measures. The success group experienced positive
affect and a less pronounced decline in subjective motivation in response to a perception of successful achievement. In contrast,
feedback of failure led to adverse changes in mood/motivation, but did not lead to the absolute withdrawal of effort, although
trends in the psychophysiological data suggest that participants in the failure group were on the verge of abandoning the
task. The implications of these findings are discussed within the context of goal-setting and effort regulation models. 相似文献
184.
Arousal procrastination was investigated to determine: (a) If the General Procrastination Scale (GP; Lay, 1986) measures procrastination motivated by arousal, and (b) whether sensation seeking (SS), extraversion (E), and the reducer index (R) account for variance in beliefs about the motivation for academic procrastination. Participants were 311 undergraduate students (60.1% female), primarily Caucasian (63.3%), with a mean age of 20.09 (SD = 3.08). An online questionnaire package included measures of procrastination and 3 arousal-based personality inventories. A factor analysis of the GP and the Sensation Seeking Scale-V (SSS-V; Zuckerman, Eysenck, & Eysenck, 1978) produced six factors with the GP and SSS-V items loading on separate factors, indicating no relation. A regression analysis revealed that SS, E, and R together accounted for 5.2% of the variance in participants’ arousal-related beliefs motivating their procrastination. These results challenge the existing literature claiming that the GP is a measure of arousal procrastination, but do indicate that some individuals believe that their procrastination is motivated by a need for heightened arousal. 相似文献
185.
Jennifer E. C. Lee Stacey Gibson Marie-Pierre L. Markon Louise Lemyre 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2009,28(2):69-84
A plethora of studies on terrorism underscores the challenges of managing the psychological and behavioural impacts of terrorist
events. This literature also emphasizes the idea that the global pending threat of terrorism, prior to the occurrence of any event, may also give rise to significant reactions among members of the
public. Drawing from the literature on proactive coping, the current study presents the results of factor analyses performed
on sections of a national survey that assessed appraisals of as well as actual responses to the threat of terrorism in Canada
(N = 1,502). Findings revealed that items assessing individual response to terrorism were represented by three factors in this
context: Individual Preparedness, Information Seeking, and Avoidance Behaviour. Further analyses demonstrated a tendency for
actual preparedness behaviours to be associated with decreased psychological stress, and actual avoidance behaviours to be
associated with heightened psychological stress. Furthermore, the divergent patterns of relationships of terrorism response
appraisals and corresponding actual responses with psychological stress emphasized the need to distinguish different stages
in the process of preventive coping with terrorism. Theoretical and practical implications of findings for individual preparedness
in Canada are discussed.
相似文献
Jennifer E. C. LeeEmail: |
186.
Two experiments employed experience sampling to examine the factors associated with a prospective and retrospective focus during mind wandering. Experiment One explored the contribution of working memory and indicated that participants generally prospect when the task does not require continuous monitoring. Experiment Two demonstrated that in the context of reading, interest in what was read suppressed both past and future-related task-unrelated-thought. Moreover, in disinterested individuals the temporal focus during mind wandering depended on the amount of experience with the topic matter—less experienced individuals tended to prospect, while more experienced individuals tended to retrospect. Together these results suggest that during mind wandering participants’ are inclined to prospect as long as the task does not require their undivided attention and raise the intriguing possibility that autobiographical associations with the current task environment have the potential to cue the disinterested mind. 相似文献
187.
Jennie Louise 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2009,12(4):345-364
The ‘Wrong Kind of Reason’ problem for buck-passing theories (theories which hold that the normative is explanatorily or conceptually
prior to the evaluative) is to explain why the existence of pragmatic or strategic reasons for some response to an object
does not suffice to ground evaluative claims about that object. The only workable reply seems to be to deny that there are reasons of the ‘wrong kind’ for responses, and to argue that these are really reasons for wanting, trying, or intending to
have that response. In support of this, it is pointed out that awareness of pragmatic or strategic considerations, unlike
awareness of reasons of the ‘right kind’, are never sufficient by themselves to produce the responses for which they are reasons.
I argue that this phenomenon cannot be used as a criterion for distinguishing reasons-for-a-response from reasons-for-wanting-to-have-a-response.
I subsequently investigate the possibility of basing this distinction on a claim that the responses in question (e.g. admiration
or desire) are themselves inherently normative; I conclude that this approach is also unsuccessful. Hence, the ‘direct response’
phenomenon cannot be used to rule out the possibility of pragmatic or strategic reasons for responses; and the rejection of
such reasons therefore cannot be used to circumvent the Wrong Kind of Reason Problem.
相似文献
Jennie LouiseEmail: |
188.
Combined eyetracking and keystroke-logging methods for studying cognitive processes in text production 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Åsa Wengelin Mark Torrance Kenneth Holmqvist Sol Simpson David Galbraith Victoria Johansson Roger Johansson 《Behavior research methods》2009,41(2):337-351
Writers typically spend a certain proportion of time looking back over the text that they have written. This is likely to
serve a number of different functions, which are currently poorly understood. In this article, we present two systems, ScriptLog+TimeLine
and EyeWrite, that adopt different and complementary approaches to exploring this activity by collecting and analyzing combined
eye movement and keystroke data from writers composing extended texts. ScriptLog+TimeLine is a system that is based on an
existing keystroke-logging program and uses heuristic, pattern-matching methods to identify reading episodes within eye movement
data. EyeWrite is an integrated editor and analysis system that permits identification of the words that the writer fixates
and their location within the developing text. We demonstrate how the methods instantiated within these systems can be used
to make sense of the large amount of data generated by eyetracking and keystroke logging in order to inform understanding
of the cognitive processes that underlie written text production. 相似文献
189.
190.
A critical developmental task of midlife involves reviewing one's past as well as preparing for one's future. The ability to identify past choices, task responsibility for them, and utilize developing patterns in future decision making is seen as a critical component of continued adult development. The Choicemap offers a structured clinical tool to guide such a midlife review. Engaging in this process assists adults in developing choicemaking skills, and provides a powerful clinical intervention. 相似文献