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921.
Cuevas I Gérard B Plaza P Lerens E Collignon O Grandin C De Volder AG Renier L 《Behavior research methods》2010,42(4):1072-1078
We describe the development and evaluation of a computer-controlled system for delivering odors in a magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) environment. The system allows a timely presentation of different odors in synchrony with MRI sequences and participant’s
inspiration phase. The rise/fall time of odor deliverance has been optimized to generate prompt and strong stimulations. Equipped
with a user-friendly programming interface, the system can be used reliably in a wide range of experimental paradigms. We
have paid particular attention to developing a portable system that is relatively easy, rapid, and inexpensive to replicate.
The equipment has been tested in a 3-Tesla MRI in a boxcar paradigm, in which stimulation conditions alternated with rest
periods (no stimulation). The experiment demonstrated the good functioning of the device and its efficiency in producing the
expected activation in the olfactory cortex; it also revealed some methodological and technical aspects to be improved. 相似文献
922.
José M. Reales Avilés Francisco Muñoz Muñoz Dieter Kleinböhl Manuel Sebastián Soledad Ballesteros Jiménez 《Behavior research methods》2010,42(2):547-555
The study of touch has recently grown, due mainly to the extensive use of several types of actuators that stimulate several
subsystems of touch. There is a widespread interest in applying these mechanisms to the study of the neurophysiological correlates
of tactual perception. In this article, we present a new device (the tactile spinning wheel [TSW]) for delivering textured
surfaces to the finger pad. The TSW allows one to control several parameters of the stimulation (angular speed, texture, etc.)
and, connected to an EEG recording system, makes it possible to study neural electrophysiological events. The device consists
of a rotating platform on which the tactile stimuli are fixed, a system that synchronizes stimuli onset with the EEG system,
and an electronic interface that controls the platform. We present the technical details of the TSW, its calibration, and
some experimental results we have obtained with this device. 相似文献
923.
Echterhoff G Higgins ET Kopietz R Groll S 《Journal of experimental psychology. General》2008,137(1):3-21
After tuning their message to suit their audience's attitude, communicators' own memories for the original information (e.g., a target person's behaviors) often reflect the biased view expressed in their message--producing an audience-congruent memory bias. Exploring the motivational circumstances of message production, the authors investigated whether this bias depends on the goals driving audience tuning. In 4 experiments, the memory bias was found to a greater extent when audience tuning served the creation of a shared reality than when it served alternative, nonshared reality goals (being polite toward a stigmatized-group audience; obtaining incentives; being entertaining; complying with a blatant demand). In addition, the authors found that these effects were mediated by the epistemic trust in the audience-congruent view but not by the rehearsal or accurate retrieval of the original input information, the ability to discriminate between the original and the message information, or a contrast away from extremely tuned messages. The central role of epistemic trust, a measure of the communicators' experience of shared reality, was supported in meta-analyses across the experiments. 相似文献
924.
The aim of this paper is to use an integrative approach to identify the main correlates and/or predictors at different levels (personal, psychosocial, occupational and outside the workplace) of the burnout dimensions. The sample consists of 813 university professors. Results from statistical analyses show that there are, indeed, both common and specific predictors for the different facets of the syndrome. Specifically, while social support and optimism are selected to confirm all manifestations of burnout, other factors (work hours per week, time in the profession, hardiness, Type A behavioural pattern, life events, daily hassles) do increase the emergence of differential profiles. Lastly, findings are discussed and the main conclusions are presented. 相似文献
925.
Moreno Jiménez B Rodríguez Muñoz A Sanz Vergel AI Rodríguez Carbajal R 《Psicothema》2008,20(4):760-765
A recent number of studies have focused on the relations between psychosocial factors and sleep disturbances. Like other work-related stressors, workplace byllying is associated with several negative consequences. However, few studies have investigated the influence of workplace byllying on disturbed sleep. Insomnia is the most frequent sleep complaint. Several models have highlighted the importance of cognitive factors in the development and maintenance of insomnia. Cognitive styles such as psychological detachment and rumination may be relevant in this process. The aim of the present study is to examine the moderating role of psychological detachment and rumination on the relationship between workplace byllying and insomnia. To minimize the effect of common method variance, we tested our hypothesis using a research design in which we collected data at two points in time separated by 1 month. A total of 523 individuals responded to both phases, with 511 useable surveys. The results of the hierarchical multiple regression analysis provide evidence for the moderating role of psychological detachment and rumination in the workplace byllying process. Thus, these findings are in line with the cognitive models of insomnia. 相似文献
926.
The current study seeks to analyze the relationship between learning approaches, self-regulation and performance. Data are gathered from three public European universities, one from the UK (University of Wales Institute, Cardiff) and two from Spain (Universities of Almeria and Granada). Two self-report measurements were used to collect information, the R-SPQ-2F questionnaire and the IATLP Scales. Results indicate that learning approaches are related to self-regulation and to academic performance. Different relationships with learning approaches are obtained depending on the type of performance analyzed (conceptual, procedural, attitudinal), which may account for divergent conclusions in other research studies. New lines of research are proposed based on the conclusions. 相似文献
927.
Vallejo Pareja MA Jordán Cristóbal CM Díaz García MI Comeche Moreno MI Ortega Pardo J Amor Andrés PJ Zubeidat I 《Psicothema》2008,20(4):610-615
Although online psychological services and research based on them are increasing rapidly, it is not that easy to find investigations that focus on the kind of people that demand them. To know their profile could help to improve the online psychological services that are offered to them. For this purpose, we analysed the sociodemographic characteristics of 1052 participants, all of them having posed a psychological question to our online advice service. The relations between sociodemographics and variables related to the psychological consultation are analysed herein. Features such as age distribution, a high proportion of long-term problems, the large quantity of questions from Latin America, or the under representation of the lowest socioeconomic and educational levels could lead to clinical, social and legal implications that we comment on in this work. 相似文献
928.
Moreno Jiménez B Morante Benadero ME Rodríguez Carvajal R Rodríguez Muñoz A 《Psicothema》2008,20(1):124-130
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of several personality variables (empathy, comprehensibility, challenge and sense of humour) as moderators of the relationship of job demands (traumatic task and overload) with secondary traumatic stress. 175 emergency professionals of the Community of Madrid completed the Secondary Traumatic Stress Measure (STSM). The results of the hierarchical multiple regression analysis provide evidence for the moderator role of personality variables in the secondary traumatic stress process. Lastly, the discussion emphasises the need to focus on the interaction between personality and job demand variables in order to advance our understanding of the process of trauma in emergency professionals. 相似文献
929.
930.
This paper introduces a new section of Psicothema dedicated to the evidence-based approach to crime prevention. Along with an original sexual-offender-treatment programme implemented in Spain, this section presents four systematic reviews of important subjects in the criminological arena, such as sexual offender treatment, the well-known programme, the effectiveness of custodial versus non-custodial sanctions in reoffending and the fight against terrorism. We also highlight some of the focal points that scientists, practitioners and governments should take into account in order to support this evidence-based viewpoint of crime prevention. 相似文献