Air pollution, cognitive deficits and brain abnormalities: a pilot study with children and dogs

Exposure to air pollution is associated with neuroinflammation in healthy children and dogs in Mexico City. Comparative studies were carried out in healthy children and young dogs similarly exposed to ambient pollution in Mexico City. Children from Mexico City (n: 55) and a low polluted city (n:18) underwent psychometric testing and brain magnetic resonance imaging MRI. Seven healthy young dogs with similar exposure to Mexico City air pollution had brain MRI, measurement of mRNA abundance of two inflammatory genes cyclooxygenase-2, and interleukin 1 beta in target brain areas, and histopathological evaluation of brain tissue. Children with no known risk factors for neurological or cognitive disorders residing in a polluted urban environment exhibited significant deficits in a combination of fluid and crystallized cognition tasks. Fifty-six percent of Mexico City children tested showed prefrontal white matter hyperintense lesions and similar lesions were observed in dogs (57%). Exposed dogs had frontal lesions with vascular subcortical pathology associated with neuroinflammation, enlarged Virchow-Robin spaces, gliosis, and ultrafine particulate matter deposition. Based on the MRI findings, the prefrontal cortex was a target anatomical region in Mexico City children and its damage could have contributed to their cognitive dysfunction. The present work presents a groundbreaking, interdisciplinary methodology for addressing relationships between environmental pollution, structural brain alterations by MRI, and cognitive deficits/delays in healthy children.     

Incorporating family therapy into asthma group intervention: a randomized waitlist-controlled trial

Asthma psychoeducational programs have been found to be effective in terms of symptom-related outcome. They are mostly illness-focused, and pay minimal attention to systemic/familial factors. This study evaluated a novel asthma psychoeducation program that adopted a parallel group design and incorporated family therapy. A randomized waitlist-controlled crossover clinical trial design was adopted. Children with stable asthma and their parents were recruited from a pediatric chest clinic. Outcome measures included, for the patients: exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), spirometry, and adjustment to asthma; and for the parents: perceived efficacy in asthma management, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale anxiety subscale, Body Mind Spirit Well-being Inventory emotion subscale, and Short Form 12 health-related quality of life scale. Forty-six patients participated in the study. Attrition rates were 13.0% and 26.0% for the active and control groups, respectively. Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a significant decrease in airway inflammation, as indicated by eNO levels, and an increase in patient's adjustment to asthma and parents' perceived efficacy in asthma management. Serial trend analysis revealed that most psychosocial measures continued to progress steadily after intervention. Significant improvements in both symptom-related measures and mental health and relationship measures were observed. The findings supported the value of incorporating family therapy into asthma psychoeducation programs.     

高校教师工作家庭关系、工作特征与生活满意度的研究

该研究通过对1149位高校教师的问卷调查,探讨了高校教师工作家庭关系的特点及其与工作特征、生活满意度的关系.结果发现:1)高校教师体验到的工作家庭冲突与工作家庭促进存在较弱的负相关.2)男性教师体验到的家庭-工作冲突显著高于女性教师,在工作-家庭冲突和工作家庭促进方面差异不显著.3)工作要求能正向预测工作家庭冲突和工作家庭促进;个人对工作家庭平衡的控制感能降低工作-家庭冲突、提升工作家庭促进,但同时也会使家庭-工作冲突增加.4)工作家庭促进会显著地提升教师对工作和家庭的满意感.工作-家庭冲突会削弱工作满意度,家庭-工作冲突则会导致家庭满意度下降.     

荣格心理学的东方文化意蕴

本文从荣格心理学理论与美的东方模式的关系入手,分析了其中的东方文化意蕴.指出荣格的心理学理论具有印度和中国传统美学特征,荣格从中发现了心灵的原始意象以及用互补和谐的美学原则阐释原型之间的关系.     

Synaptic localization of GluR4-containing AMPARs and Arc during acquisition, extinction, and reacquisition of in vitro classical conditioning

Data suggest that modulation of synaptic strength by incorporation of GluR4-containing AMPARs occurs during conditioned response (CR) acquisition in an in vitro model of classical conditioning. Here we extend these findings by showing that synaptically localized GluR4 subunits parallels the expression of CRs during conditioning training in which there is differential expression of CRs, such as during acquisition, extinction, and reacquisition. Moreover, colocalization and coimmunoprecipitation data suggest that Arc associates with GluR4-containing AMPARs during these different training procedures. Once induced, Arc remains present in synapses during these phases of conditioning. The results are consistent with the interpretation that synaptic incorporation of GluR4-containing AMPARs supports the expression of CRs in this preparation, and that Arc may be involved in trafficking of GluR4 subunits during conditioning. Moreover, the maintained presence of synaptically localized Arc during all phases of conditioning examined indicates that synapses do not return to their na?ve state after extinction and that, given the potential trafficking function of Arc, may facilitate relearning after extinction.     

北京中学生的消费价值观与消费行为

对北京青少年的消费价值观和消费行为进行了探索性研究 ,被试为 13～ 19岁中学、职高及技校在校各年级学生 4193人 (男 10 86人 ,女 2 387人 ) ,用自编的中学生消费问卷、青少年亲子关系问卷、个人主义 -集体主义量表进行集体施测。因素分析结果表明 ,消费价值观包含保持勤俭传统、追求现代生活和消费压力 3个因素 ,北京大多数中学生的消费价值观是倾向于保持勤俭传统 ,贫富差距和消费能力的差距对大多数中学生来说没有构成压力。因素分析结果将青少年的消费行为分为谨慎型、流行型、实际型和攀比型 4种消费行为类型 ,谨慎型消费是北京中学生消费行为的主流。消费价值观与消费行为之间有着特定的关系。根据消费社会化理论对影响青少年消费价值观和行为的因素进行了分析 ,结果表明家庭社会经济地位和亲子关系都对青少年的消费模式产生影响。     

人的本质及其现代发展——对马克思人的本质思想的再认识

马克思曾分别提出了人的类本质和现实本质的思想,但人们至今对此仍无统一的认识。该文从马克思主义的文本出发,阐述了人的本质既是类本质又是现实本质,是类本质和现实本质的统一;并从人类社会发展的角度,探讨了人类劳动的发展和社会关系的发展,进而说明了人的本质的发展,有助于加深对人自身的认识和对人的本质的深刻理解。     

认知与决策领域的中国研究现况分析

由于决策科学对于社会经济建设有着直接的意义,所以一直是诸多学科的研究焦点。中国在认知与决策领域经过二十几年的积累,在相当广泛的课题上进行了研究也取得了不小的成就。该文对近年来国内决策科学的研究进行了初步的归纳和总结,其特点为：（1）研究主题广泛;（2）与国际前沿课题保持了高度的一致但仍然缺乏系统性。（3）结合实践课题进行了有益的探讨。同时,该文也尝试对该领域未来发展的趋势进行了分析,目的是抛砖引玉,更好地促进中国决策科学领域的发展。     

"大七"人格结构模型下的汉族、纳西族人格结构比较

采用中国人人格形容词评定量表(简式)对985名成年汉族和207名纳西族被试进行测量,结果显示:汉族的人格结构模型符合“大七人格结构模型”,而纳西族则不符合。纳西族在“外向活跃”、“严谨自制”、“温顺随和”、“淡泊诚信”等四个人格结构因子上的得分均显著高于汉族。     

《小品》传译及与《道行》的关系

《小品》在魏晋之际流传甚广,对中国佛教传播影响甚大。长期以来,《小品》通常认为是《大般若》第四会的同本异译,通过对此译本的译名、译时、译者、留存等情况的整理,有助于我们更清楚的认识到《小品》在中土的传播。通过对比《小品》与《道行》的关系,使魏晋之际称呼的《小品》与《道行》的关系更加明晰。