TRUE IMITATIVE LEARNING IN PIGEONS

Abstract— Providing evidence for imitative learning in animals has been made difficult by the need to control for a number of possible nonimitation accounts (e.g., mere presence of another animal, attention drawn to a location, attention drawn to an object being manipulated) that often have not been recognized in previous research. In the present experiment we used a version of the two-action method in which a treadle could be operated by a pigeon in one of two distinctive ways with its beak by pecking or with us foot by stepping. What is unique in this experiment is not only the distinct response topographies, but also that both responses have the same effect on the environment (depression of the treadle followed by food reward) When pigeons that had observed one of the two response topographies were given access to the treadle, a significant correspondence was found between the topography of the observers responses and that of their respective demonstrators' responses.     

DECREASING BURNED CHILDREN'S PAIN BEHAVIOR: IMPACTING THE TRAUMA OF HYDROTHERAPY

We evaluated the effects of cartoon viewing with the use of a star feedback chart on two burned children's pain behavior during their physical therapy sessions. In addition, the degree to which the observational data corresponded with physical therapists' and mothers' ratings of the children's pain, fear, and cooperativeness was examined. Using a reversal single-subject design, the results showed that the children's pain behavior substantially decreased during experimental treatment sessions compared to their baseline levels. The rating scale data indicated that the physical therapist's and mother's rating of pain, anxiety, and cooperativeness were all correlated significantly with the observational data (p < .05). The contributions of respondent and operant conditioning to the occurrence and treatment of pain behavior in burned children are discussed.     

MOTIVATIONAL INTERVENTION: THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN EMPLOYMENT COUNSELING

The function of employment counseling has benefitted from a problem analysis approach based on the concepts of vocational choice, change, and adjustment. Continued growth, however, might be facilitated by the development of a more positive point of view that includes an analysis of the motivational process that clients experience in their attempts to attain employment. If we perceive motivation as a series of stages, we can then provide ourselves with a tool by which we can explore various points where the counselor can intervene to help clients overcome resistance and frustration.     

Posttraumatic growth and parental bonding in young adults of parents with physical disabilites: testing mediation model of resilience

Positive parent-child relationships are associated with positive youth development, but little is known about the relationships between parental bonding, resilience, and posttraumatic growth, which is positive change resulting from the struggle with trauma. This study examined a mediation model among 119 female young adults with disabled parents. The model included resilience as a mediator of the relationship between the paternal Care and posttraumatic growth. The results revealed that resilience did mediate the relationship between the paternal Care and posttraumatic growth. The findings indicate that paternal Care helps to foster female young adults’ resilience, which benefits their growth after suffering adversities.