中国禅宗"山笠"对日本神道"山笠祭"的影响——日本博多祗园山笠祭起源新解

日本博多栉田神社的祗园山笠祭是日本国三大祗园祭之一.在日本,"山笠"一词的使用始于博多祗园山笠祭.在中国,"山笠"一词意为禅师的法器"笠".本文通过对博多祗园山笠祭起源说的考证,指出中国禅宗"山笠"对日本神道"山笠祭"的影响,阐明日本神道"山笠"源于中国禅宗"山笠",是由留学南宋"禅院五山"之首径山寺的日本禅师圆尔辩圆(圣一国师)借用到博多祗园山笠祭中.     

MATERNAL ACCEPTANCE/REJECTION OF MEXICAN MIGRANT MOTHERS

This study examined correlates of maternal acceptance of preschool children in a sample of Mexican-American migrant farmworker mothers, including problems in life conditions (education, employment, relatives, friends, partner/spouse, children, health, housing, and finances) and social support (task, emotional, source, satisfaction, accessibility). One hundred Mexican-American mothers of preschoolers who participated in the Texas Migrant Council's Headstart Program were interviewed with regard to demographic information, social support, and problems in life conditions. The results supported the hypothesis that total social support accounts for more variation in maternal acceptance/rejection than problems in life conditions alone. Social support accounted for 75% of the variance in maternal acceptance/rejection of preschool children, and accessibility to support predicted the largest proportion of the variance. The results suggest that it is important to identify Mexican-American migrant farmworker mothers isolated from social support, since such isolation, in combination with problems in life conditions, places their children at higher risk for maternal rejection.