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201.
It has been suggested in the recent literature that all stimuli briefer than a critical duration have identical perceptual durations. Relevant simultaneity, reaction time, temporal order and duration discrimination data are discussed, and new data are presented. It is concluded that the relationship between the physical duration of a stimulus and its perceptual duration is not yet understood. 相似文献
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There are few quantitative theories of duration discrimination and few established empirical phenomena to guide theorizing. This paper discusses three such theories and several empirical findings. The theories assume that the discrimination is based only upon information extracted from the temporal extent of the stimulus pattern, and experimental evidence is presented that clearly supports this assumption for many stimulus patterns. Recent findings which indicate that duration information is analyzed in certain ways that are fundamentally different from other stimulus dimensions are reviewed, the duration discrimination psychometric function is examined, and the time-order error is discussed. The three theories are compared in terms of their ability to incorporate the empirical data. 相似文献
204.
Two models for successiveness discrimination, an attention-switching model and a duration-discrimination model, are described. Data are reported from a forced-choice successiveness discrimination task in which the standard stimulus assumed one of three values during a session. Of major interest is the ability of the models to account for the absence of observed variation in performance with changes in value of the standard. Conventional signal detection-type models or discrete state models would be unable to account for the data. 相似文献
205.
Lorraine Kasprisin 《Studies in Philosophy and Education》1996,15(1-2):41-49
This paper attempts to construct a concept of moral autonomy thai is compatible with a relationally-based or care-based ethical theory. After critiquing the traditional liberal identification of the ethical self with an abstract rational self detached from community and historical narrative, I argue that the ethical self emerges in a dialectical relation with the community itself. Essentially, I argue for a concept of autonomy that will be analyzed as a critical perspective from within a community rather than as a privileged view from outside. Central to this argument is an understanding of the nature and role of moral conversation in the regeneration of community. The nature of that conversation is examined. 相似文献
206.
In an attempt to resolve disagreements about the events underlying repeated exposure to a stimulus and the affective consequences of these events, two experiments examined psychological complexity and response competition (two measures of the uncertainty produced by a stimulus) as related to each other and to liking and goodness of meaning ratings of Chinese characterlike stimuli. In Experiment 1, 60 undergraduates' mean latency of first free association to the stimuli (response competition) increased as a perfect monotonic function of the number of lines constituting them (psychological complexity). In Experiment 2, ratings of liking by 40 undergraduates were highest for stimuli associated with an intermediate level of uncertainty (psychological complexity and response competition). Thus it was speculated that a moderate number of stimulus exposures (reducing uncertainty to an intermediate level) is preferable to an indefinitely large number of exposures (reducing uncertainty to a minimal level). The finding of no relationship between rated goodness of stimulus meaning and uncertainty was judged to be consistent with Stang's (1974) hypothesis that characteristically observed increases in rated goodness with increasing stimulus exposures (decreasing uncertainty) are a result of subject intuitions rather than an effect of decreasing uncertainty. 相似文献
207.
A new cultural imperative, “marriage and a career,” is probably emerging. This conclusion is based on study of a random sample of 180 women (60 each) in junior high, high school, and college. Amazing consistency appeared in this cross-sectioning of women's attitudes toward Education, Occupation, Marriage, and life Plans. The cultural imperative “to marry” was present at age 12, but by adulthood, the biological surge for early marriage had been passed and/or fulfilled, and career emerged as part of a life pattern. As young women develop they become more liberal in their attitudes and desires about work, which can now be fulfilled because of the relaxing cultural interdiction against married women working. 相似文献
208.
Observationally induced acquisition, generalization, and retention of a novel clustering concept were studied in second-graders. All children earned zero scores in baseline (which were maintained by the no-modeling controls), demonstrating initial ignorance of the concept. No extrinsic reinforcers were promised or dispensed. In separate groups, a model accompanied performance of correct responses with no verbalization, with provision of a weak verbal code, a strong verbal code, or the strong code plus a rule to guide correct response. Concept acquisition and generalization to new stimuli were found, and were partially retained at retesting after several weeks delay. Strength of immediate concept attainment and generalization were related to amount and saliency of information verbally coded by the model, but more complex results were obtained with the retention data. 相似文献
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We found that the effects on subsequent motivation of success and failure feedback are moderated by the extent to which individuals have been previously successful in promotion self‐ regulation (achieving their ideals) and prevention self‐ regulation (meeting their oughts). Specifically, we found that the more individuals are ideal congruent, the more their performance increases over time following success than failure feedback, whereas the more individuals are ought congruent, the more their performance increases over time following failure than success feedback. These findings have implications for research on the effects of feedback on motivation, as well as for the motivational significance of the expressions, ‘everything to gain’ and ‘everything to lose’. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献