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71.
In 3 studies, we tested the hypothesis that the higher ranked an individual's group is, the less cooperative the facial expression of that person is judged to be. Study 1 established this effect among business school deans, with observers rating individuals from higher ranked schools as appearing less cooperative, despite lacking prior knowledge of the latters' actual rankings. Study 2 then experimentally manipulated ranking, showing that the effect of rankings on facial expressions is driven by context rather than by individual differences per se. Finally, Study 3 demonstrated that the repercussions of this effect extend beyond the perception of cooperativeness to tangible behavioral outcomes in social interactions. Theoretical and practical implications of this phenomenon are discussed. 相似文献
72.
Memory for contextual information and target-context integration are crucial for successful episodic memory formation and are impaired in patients with Korsakoff's syndrome. In this paper we review the evidence for the notion that a context memory deficit makes an important contribution to the amnesia in these patients. First, we focus on anterograde memory for contextual (spatial and temporal) information. Next, the use of contextual cues in memory retrieval is examined and their role in retrograde amnesia and confabulation. Evidence on the role of contextual cues and associations in working memory is discussed in relation to the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms and their dissociation from long-term encoding. Finally, we focus on implicit learning of contextual information in Korsakoff patients. It can be concluded that Korsakoff patients are impaired in the explicit processing of contextual information and in target-context binding, both in long-term (retrograde and anterograde) memory and in working memory. These results extend the context memory deficit hypothesis. In contrast, implicit contextual learning is relatively preserved in these patients. These findings are discussed in relation to evidence of dysfunction of the extended diencephalic-hippocampal memory circuit in Korsakoff's syndrome. 相似文献
73.
74.
The Psychological Record - This note begins with a review of the particulars of my case: namely, a brief synopsis of my prior research on feedback, and the facts concerning the extent to which my... 相似文献
75.
Joann Hungelmann R.N. M.S.N. D.N.Sc. Eileen Kenkel-Rossi R.N. M.S.N. Loretta Klassen R.N. M.S.N. Ruth M. Stollenwerk R.N. D.N.Sc. 《Journal of religion and health》1985,24(2):147-153
The current study was designed to identify indicators of spiritual well-being in persons 65 years of age and over, using a grounded theory approach through the constant comparative method of data analysis. The basic social process of harmonious interconnectedness was discovered. This process was the unifying force between categories and within each identified category. The study has implications for health care personnel in that it provides a basis for assessing spiritual well-being in patients.This study was partially funded by a special project grant from Marquette University. 相似文献
76.
Subjects were taught Spanish-English paired-associates by using the keyword method. The item pairs ranged in length from one to four words. Subjects using the keyword method recalled many more constituents of n-a-v-n Spanish sentences than subjects spontaneously using rehearsal, but no more than subjects spontaneously using imagery. The results of the study suggest that the keyword method facilitates recall by inducing subjects to process item-specific information for individual words. 相似文献
77.
A considerable body of research has accumulated concerning the strength of the relationship between job and life satisfaction. However, very few studies have examined the possible moderating effects of other variables. The present study, using a sample of 911 heads of households, examined the moderating effects of seven variables related to occupation, age, and urbanization. As hypothesized, education and income positively, and strongly, moderated the job satisfaction-life satisfaction relationship. Self-employment (vs non-self-employment) also had a significant impact; occupation, though, had only a modest effect. Age and job longevity exhibited strong, curvilinear effects. Urbanization did not attenuate the relationship. In view of national work force trends toward increased education, professionalization, income, and age, the relationship between job and life satisfaction will likely become stronger and more relevant over time. 相似文献
78.
Loretta A. Serna Jean B. Schumaker James A. Sherman Jan B. Sheldon 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1991,24(4):733-746
The effects of a three-phase family communication program were evaluated. In the skill-teaching phase, family members were taught reciprocal social communication skills in a clinic setting. During the skill-review phase, each family member practiced the skills in their homes with the teacher. During the home-based family conference phase, each family was taught to use a structured format to resolve current family issues using their newly acquired skills. In-home parent-youth interactions were observed during a series of 1-hr sessions that involved directed and nondirected situations. Evaluation included a multiple baseline design across skills during the skill-teaching phase and a multiple baseline design across families for the family conference phase. Although the procedures of the skill-teaching phase resulted in parent-adolescent dyads learning to use the skills in the teaching setting, competent use of the skills in the home was not observed until the family conference phase was implemented. These results suggest the importance of home-based intervention if changes are to be obtained at home. 相似文献
79.
John B. Jemmott III Loretta Sweet Jemmott Geoffrey T. Fong Konstance McCaffree 《American journal of community psychology》1999,27(2):161-187
This randomized controlled trial tested the effects of a theory-based culture-sensitive HIV risk-reduction intervention among
496 inner-city African American adolescents (mean age = 13 years) and examined the generality of its effects as a function
of the facilitator's race and gender and the gender composition of the intervention group. Adolescents who received the HIV
risk-reduction intervention expressed more favorable behavioral beliefs about condoms, greater self-efficacy, and stronger
condom-use intentions postintervention than did those who received a control intervention on other health issues. Six-month
follow-up data collected on 93% of the adolescents revealed that those who received the HIV risk-reduction intervention reported
less HIV risk-associated sexual behavior, including unprotected coitus, than did their counterparts in the control condition.
Self-reported sexual behavior and changes in self-reported behavior were unrelated to scores on a standard measure of social
desirability response bias. There was strong evidence for the generality of intervention effects. Moderator analyses testing
eight specific interaction hypotheses and correlational analyses indicated that the effects of the HIV risk-reduction intervention
did not vary as a function of the facilitator's race or gender, participant's gender, or the gender composition of the intervention
group.
This research was supported in part by grants from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01-HD24921),
the National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH45668), and the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada. The
authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions to this research of Margaret Bleier, Daria Boccher-Lattimore, Nancy L. Moore,
Tatiana Perrino, Paul Pintella, and Fran Rosenfeld and the helpful suggestions of Isabel Fernandez, Caryn Lerman, and Ann
O'Leary regarding an earlier version of this article. 相似文献
80.
Beth Robinson Loretta J. Bradley 《Journal of multicultural counseling and development》1997,25(4):281-289
The changing demographics of the United States have lead to increased training of multicultural issues in graduate counseling programs. Graduate students report higher levels of multicultural competencies after completing a multicultural counseling course. Similarly, this study indicates increased multicultural awareness and knowledge among undergraduates completing a multicultural course. 相似文献