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111.
Mothers', fathers' and children's perceptions of parents' expectations about children's family obligations in nine countries 下载免费PDF全文
Jennifer E. Lansford Jennifer Godwin Liane Peña Alampay Liliana Maria Uribe Tirado Arnaldo Zelli Suha M. Al‐Hassan Dario Bacchini Anna Silvia Bombi Marc H. Bornstein Lei Chang Kirby Deater‐Deckard Laura Di Giunta Kenneth A. Dodge Patrick S. Malone Paul Oburu Concetta Pastorelli Ann T. Skinner Emma Sorbring Sombat Tapanya 《International journal of psychology》2016,51(5):366-374
Children's family obligations involve assistance and respect that children are expected to provide to immediate and extended family members and reflect beliefs related to family life that may differ across cultural groups. Mothers, fathers and children (N = 1432 families) in 13 cultural groups in 9 countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Sweden, Thailand and United States) reported on their expectations regarding children's family obligations and parenting attitudes and behaviours. Within families, mothers and fathers had more concordant expectations regarding children's family obligations than did parents and children. Parenting behaviours that were warmer, less neglectful and more controlling as well as parenting attitudes that were more authoritarian were related to higher expectations regarding children's family obligations between families within cultures as well as between cultures. These international findings advance understanding of children's family obligations by contextualising them both within families and across a number of diverse cultural groups in 9 countries. 相似文献
112.
What's parenting got to do with it: emotional autonomy and brain and behavioral responses to emotional conflict in children and adolescents 下载免费PDF全文
Hilary A. Marusak Moriah E. Thomason Kelsey Sala‐Hamrick Laura Crespo Christine A. Rabinak 《Developmental science》2018,21(4)
Healthy parenting may be protective against the development of emotional psychopathology, particularly for children reared in stressful environments. Little is known, however, about the brain and behavioral mechanisms underlying this association, particularly during childhood and adolescence, when emotional disorders frequently emerge. Here, we demonstrate that psychological control, a parenting strategy known to limit socioemotional development in children, is associated with altered brain and behavioral responses to emotional conflict in 27 at‐risk (urban, lower income) youth, ages 9–16. In particular, youth reporting higher parental psychological control demonstrated lower activity in the left anterior insula, a brain area involved in emotion conflict processing, and submitted faster but less accurate behavioral responses—possibly reflecting an avoidant pattern. Effects were not replicated for parental care, and did not generalize to an analogous nonemotional conflict task. We also find evidence that behavioral responses to emotional conflict bridge the previously reported link between parental overcontrol and anxiety in children. Effects of psychological control may reflect a parenting style that limits opportunities to practice self‐regulation when faced with emotionally charged situations. Results support the notion that parenting strategies that facilitate appropriate amounts of socioemotional competence and autonomy in children may be protective against social and emotional difficulties. 相似文献
113.
Wendy Kliewer Dawn K. Wilson Laura E. Plybon 《Journal of applied social psychology》2002,32(4):865-884
Although research on the influence of neighborhoods on the development of youth is growing, few researchers have examined the impact of neighborhood quality on physiological outcomes or across gender. The present experiment examined gender differences in the association of neighborhood quality and cardiovascular reactivity (increased blood pressure, BP, in response to stress) among 77 healthy African American adolescents (46% male; M age = 14 years). Participants took part in a cold-face stimulus task to determine reactivity scores. After controlling for baseline BP, family income, and parental education, poorer neighborhood quality was associated with increases in both systolic and diastolic BP to the cold-face task for females, and decreases in BP for males. Adolescents’ reports of life stress and support from family members did not explain the differential effect of neighborhood quality across gender. Implications for future research are discussed. 相似文献
114.
The aims of the current study were to examine, prospectively, (a) dynamic changes in affective state, self-efficacy, and urge in the hours before initial smoking and drinking lapses among individuals in concurrent alcohol and smoking treatment, and (b) the extent to which self-efficacy, urge to use, and/or the use of one substance predicted lapse to the other substance. Ninety-six men and women recruited for a clinical trial of concurrent alcohol and tobacco treatment were eligible for inclusion. Only data from those who experienced an initial lapse to drinking (n=29) or smoking (n=32) were included. Two outpatient substance abuse clinics provided concurrent alcohol and smoking treatment on a weekly basis for three months. Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) methods were employed over a 28-day monitoring period to assess antecedents to first drink, and a 14-day monitoring period was examined for initial smoking lapses. Baseline and EMA measures of positive and negative affect, alcohol/smoking urge, alcohol/smoking abstinence self-efficacy, nicotine withdrawal, and quantity/frequency of alcohol and tobacco use were examined as lapse predictors. Analyses of EMA ratings controlled for the corresponding baseline measure. Smoking lapse among individuals in concurrent alcohol and tobacco treatment was foreshadowed by higher urges to smoke, lower positive mood, and lower confidence to resist smoking. Drinking lapse was preceded by lower confidence to resist smoking, but only among individuals who reported recent smoking. Concurrent alcohol and smoking treatment should focus on the enhancement of abstinence self-efficacy, positive mood, and the curbing of urges in order to offset lapse risk. 相似文献
115.
Speech production impairment is a frequent deficit observed in aphasic patients and rehabilitation programs have been extensively developed. Nevertheless, there is still no agreement on the type of rehabilitation that yields the most successful outcomes. Here, we ran a detailed meta-analysis of 39 studies of word production rehabilitation involving 124 patients. We used a model-driven approach for analyzing each rehabilitation task by identifying which levels of our model each task tapped into. We found that (1) all rehabilitation tasks are not equally efficient and the most efficient ones involved the activation of the two levels of the word production system: the phonological output lexicon and the phonological output, and (2) the activation of the speech perception system as it occurs in many tasks used in rehabilitation is not successful in rehabilitating word production. In this meta-analysis, the effect of the activation of the phonological output lexicon and the phonological output cannot be assessed separately. We further conducted a rehabilitation study with DPI, a patient who suffers from a damage of the phonological output lexicon. Our results confirm that rehabilitation is more efficient, in terms of time and performance, when specifically addressing the impaired level of word production. 相似文献
116.
Four studies tested the prediction that positive affect (PA) would relate more strongly to meaning in life (MIL) as a function of perceived time limitations. In Study 1 (N = 360), adults completed measures of PA and MIL. As predicted, PA related more strongly to MIL for older, compared to younger, participants. In Studies 2 and 3, adults (N = 514) indicated their current position in their life span, and rated their MIL. PA, whether naturally occurring (Study 2) or induced (Study 3), was a stronger predictor of MIL for individuals who perceived themselves as having a limited amount of time left to live. Finally, in Study 4 (N = 98) students completed a measure of PA, MIL, and future time perspective (FTP). Results showed that PA was more strongly linked to MIL for those who believed they had fewer opportunities left to pursue their goals. Overall, these findings suggest that the experience of PA becomes increasingly associated with the experience of MIL as the perception of future time becomes limited. The contribution of age related processes to judgments of well-being are discussed. 相似文献
117.
Rodrigues CS de Oliveira VZ Camargo G Osório CM de Castilhos RM Saraiva-Pereira ML Schuler-Faccini L Jardim LB 《Journal of genetic counseling》2012,21(1):101-112
Diagnostic tests are available to detect several mutations related to adult-onset, autosomal dominant, neurodegenerative diseases.
We aimed to describe our experience in a presymptomatic testing program run by the Brazilian Public Health System from 1999
to 2009. A total of 184 individuals were eligible for presymptomatic testing due to a risk for spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA)
- SCA3 (80%), Huntington’s disease (11.9%), familial amyloidotic neuropathy (4.3%), SCA1, SCA2, SCA6, or SCA7. Most were women
(70%), married (54%), and had children prior to presymptomatic testing (67%). Their mean age at entrance was 34 (SD = 11 years).
Educational level was above the average Brazilian standard. After receipt of genetic counseling, 100 individuals (54%) decided
to undergo testing; of these, 51 were carriers. Since no individual returned for post-test psychological evaluation, we conducted
a subsequent survey, unrelated to test disclosures. We contacted 57 individuals of whom 31 agreed to participate (24 had been
tested, 7 had not). Several ascertainment concerns relating to these numerous losses prevented us from generalizing our results
from this second survey. We concluded that: decision-making regarding presymptomatic testing seems to be genuinely autonomous,
since after genetic counseling half the individuals who asked for presymptomatic testing decided in favor and half decided
against it; general characteristics of Brazilians who sought presymptomatic testing were similar to many European samples
studied previously; and individuals at risk for SCA3 may be at greater risk of depression. Although no clear-cut reason emerged
for rejection of follow-up psychological sessions after presymptomatic testing, this finding suggests adjustments to our presymptomatic
testing program are necessary. 相似文献
118.
Mackner LM Vannatta K Crandall WV 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2012,19(3):270-276
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been associated with social difficulties. Boys with IBD may have increased risk for social problems due to delayed growth and puberty, but gender differences in social functioning have not been investigated. This study examined gender differences in multiple areas of social functioning for adolescents with IBD compared to healthy adolescents. Participants were 92 adolescents 11-17?years (50 with IBD, 42 healthy) and parents who completed questionnaires assessing social functioning. IBD was associated with poorer social functioning in the areas of social competence and social problems. Boys with IBD had worse social competence, with no gender differences for social problems. Gender predicted the use of social contact as a coping strategy, but no significant group differences were found for other areas of social functioning. Adolescents with IBD experience significant social difficulties in some areas, and boys are at risk for poor social competence. However, previously reported social difficulties may not extend to all areas of social functioning. 相似文献
119.
Affording Emerging Adulthood: Parental Financial Assistance of their College-Aged Children 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Laura M. Padilla-Walker Larry J. Nelson Jason S. Carroll 《Journal of Adult Development》2012,19(1):50-58
The purpose of this study was to examine parents’ attitudes about and patterns of providing financial assistance to their
children during college, and how varying levels of parental financial support were related to children’s beliefs (e.g., perceptions
of adulthood), behaviors (e.g., work hours, drinking, and drug use), and identity development. The sample consisted of 402
undergraduate students (62% women) recruited from four college sites across the United States (M age = 19.89), and one of their parents (310 mothers and 92 fathers). Using cluster analysis, results suggested four distinct
approaches to parental financial involvement and found that emerging adults’ beliefs, behaviors, and identity development
differed as a function of parents’ cluster membership. Discussion focuses on implications for emerging adult children whose
parents endorse varying levels of financial involvement. 相似文献
120.
Sburlati ES Lyneham HJ Mufson LH Schniering CA 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2012,15(2):93-112
In order to treat adolescent depression, a number of empirically supported treatments (ESTs) have been developed from both
the cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT-A) frameworks. Research has shown that in order
for these treatments to be implemented in routine clinical practice (RCP), effective therapist training must be generated
and provided. However, before such training can be developed, a good understanding of the therapist competencies needed to
implement these ESTs is required. Sburlati et al. (Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 14:89–109, 2011) developed a model of therapist competencies for implementing CBT using the well-established Delphi technique. Given that
IPT-A differs considerably to CBT, the current study aims to develop a model of therapist competencies for the implementation
of IPT-A using a similar procedure as that applied in Sburlati et al. (Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 14:89–109, 2011). This method involved: (1) identifying and reviewing an empirically supported IPT-A approach, (2) extracting therapist competencies
required for the implementation of IPT-A, (3) consulting with a panel of IPT-A experts to generate an overall model of therapist
competencies, and (4) validating the overall model with the IPT-A manual author. The resultant model offers an empirically
derived set of competencies necessary for effectively treating adolescent depression using IPT-A and has wide implications
for the development of therapist training, competence assessment measures, and evidence-based practice guidelines. This model,
therefore, provides an empirical framework for the development of dissemination and implementation programs aimed at ensuring
that adolescents with depression receive effective care in RCP settings. Key similarities and differences between CBT and
IPT-A, and the therapist competencies required for implementing these treatments, are also highlighted throughout this article. 相似文献