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101.
Laura L. Ten Eyck Heather A. Labansat Dana M. Gresky Donald F. Dansereau Charles G. Lord 《Journal of applied social psychology》2006,36(5):1234-1262
How might people best persuade themselves to engage in beneficial activities, such as dieting, exercise, and studying? One strategy is to think about actions. Another strategy is to think about reasons. In previous research, students who were directed to think about actions increased their study intentions more than did students who were directed to think about reasons. The present experiment tested whether thinking about actions was effective because of idea generation (coming up with the thoughts) or because of mental simulation (imagining the scenarios). In immediate and delayed measures, directed thinking about actions (but not reasons) proved generally more effective when students focused on mental simulation than when they focused on idea generation. Theoretical and applied implications are discussed. 相似文献
102.
103.
Identification of self through olfaction 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
To study olfactory communication in humans, 100 undergraduates ranging from age 18 to 45 yr. wore freshly washed, identical T-shirts continuously for 24 hr. During this time, the participants did not bathe or shower or apply any scent producing substance to their bodies, i.e., deodorants, perfumes. Upon retrieval, each shirt was placed in an identical brown bag. In groups of 10, each participant attempted to identify the T-shirt he had worn the previous 24 hr. The task was administered separately for each individual so that no participants knew the choice by a previous colleague. Analysis shows that the participants were able to identify correctly their own shirts on the first try three-quarters of the time. Furthermore, sex, age, smoking habit of the participant, and menstrual cycle phase in the women were factors in successful outcomes. 相似文献
104.
Frederic M. Lord 《Psychometrika》1971,36(3):227-242
When items cannot be answered correctly by guessing, certain two-stage testing procedures are about as effective over the
ability range of interest as the “best” up-and-down procedures studied previously. When answers can be guessed correctly 20
percent of the time, no two-stage procedure is found to match the “best” up-and-down procedures over this ability range. Feet-on-the-desk
designs for two-stage procedures may produce poor results.
This work was supported in part by contract N-00014-69-C-0017, project designation NR 150-303, between the Office of Naval
Research and Educational Testing Service. Reproduction in whole or in part is permitted for any purpose of the United States
Government. 相似文献
105.
Frederic M. Lord 《Psychometrika》1970,35(1):43-50
Item characteristic curves are estimated without restrictive assumptions about their mathematical form. The resulting curves are compared with estimates obtained under the assumption that all curves are of logistic form. Surprising agreement is found between the curves obtained by the two unrelated methods.This work was supported in part by contract Nonr-2752(00) between the Office of Naval Research and Educational Testing Service. Reproduction, translation, use and disposal in whole or in part by or for the United States Government is permitted. 相似文献
106.
Frederic M. Lord 《Psychometrika》1975,40(2):205-217
For the six available sets of empirical data, the discrimination (slope) parameter of the logistic item characteristic curve was found to have a significant positive correlation over items with the difficulty (location) parameter. This unpleasant situation can be eliminated by a suitably chosen transformation of the ability scale. An example of the transformation is given and some empirical results of using the transformed scale are shown. 相似文献
107.
A M Clarke L L Viney I K Waterhouse J Lord 《Journal of experimental child psychology》1974,17(1):1-17
The effects on instrumental behavior of differences in type of task, type of reward and three organismic variables were investigated in preschool children. The main results were that: (a) an imitative task was acquired in fewer trials than a nonimitative task; (b) social reward in acquisition led to greater resistance to extinction; (c) a history of frequent social reinforcement from peers led to persistence in responding during extinction for boys only; (d) extraversion was found to interact with the variables of task and reward in errors made during extinction; and (e) intelligence was not found to be a reliable predictor of main acquisition and extinction measures or related errors. Detailed analysis of the different types of errors contributed directly to the interpretation of these findings. 相似文献
108.
Frederic M. Lord 《Psychometrika》1965,30(3):239-270
A “strong” mathematical model for the relation between observed scores and true scores is developed. This model can be used
- 1.To estimate the frequency distribution of observed scores that will result when a given test is lengthened. 相似文献
109.
Moving from Cognition to Action: A Control Theory Perspective 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
110.
Melvin L. Holcom Wayne E. K. Lehman Charles G. Lord 《Journal of applied social psychology》1993,23(23):1968-1988
Theories of social categorization were used to generate hypotheses concerning the impact of drug involvement on the attitudes and knowledge structures that people use in making drug-related judgments. Data indicated that greater drug exposure tended to foster more complex knowledge structures for drugs and drug users as revealed by subjects’ perceptions of drug users, tolerance for drug use, and perceptions of drug seriousness. Basically, high drug involvement in terms of personal alcohol use and associating with illicit drug users was related to greater individuation of drug user types. Therefore, high-involved subjects, relative to low-involved individuals, were better able to discriminate between different drug user subtypes and drug user subtypes were more important to high-involved subjects when responding to drug-related survey items. 相似文献