Race and Beauty: A Comparison of Asian and Western Models in Women's Magazine Advertisements

Over the past 30 years, the literature on how women are depicted in advertising has been strongly influenced by studies conducted in the U.S. and Europe and may not fully describe the ways in which women are depicted in advertising across cultures. In this study we analyzed advertisements collected from women's fashion and beauty magazines in Singapore, Taiwan, and the United States to compare the ways in which Western and Asian models were portrayed in print advertisements. We found that although demure dress was used most often for both races, Western models were shown more frequently than Asian models in seductive dress. Western models were also posed more often than Asian models as the Seductive beauty type. Product categories also differed. Asian models were used more frequently in advertisements for hair and skin beauty products, whereas Western models dominated the clothing category. The findings suggest that Western models are used more than Asian models in advertisements which are “body” oriented, and that Western models are used in advertisements in Asia when the underlying marketing strategy is that “sex sells.”     

心理健康的测量:自尊量表和情感量表的比较

对两个西方常用的心理健康测量工具:Rosenberg的《自尊量表》和Bradburn的《正性情感量表和负性情感量表》进行心理测量学指标的比较。被试取自北京市三所高校的一至三年级大学生,共1142人。两个分研究的结果均表明:《自尊量表》的各项心理测量学指标都好于《正性情感量表和负性情感量表》。作为心理健康的测量工具,《自尊量表》在多数情况下比《正性情感量表和负性情感量表》更有效。     

中学生学习动机类型和对自身学习能力评价的关系

对4个地区1万多名中学生的学习动机类型和对自身学习能力的评价进行了调查,结果发现:1当前中学生中具有内部学习动机者并不多,持外部学习动机的中学生为数甚多.2中学生对自我学习能力的评价普遍较低,中学生认为自身考试的能力要强于课上和课下学习的能力.3外部动机占优势的中学生对自己考试能力评价最高;内部动机占优势的中学生对自己课下学习能力的评价最高.不同年级的学生由于学习任务的需要,可能表现出与学习动机类型不一致的对自我学习能力的评价,在具体的动机类型中,还可能表现出性别优势.     

Effects of Victim Gender and Sexuality on Attributions of Blame to Rape Victims

Previous research suggests that homosexual male rape victims receive more blame than heterosexual victims. In this study, we examined effects of victim gender and sexuality on judgments of victims of stranger rape by a male perpetrator. Participants read a rape vignette in which victim gender and sexuality varied, and then rated the amount of blame they attributed to the perpetrator and victim. Victims were attributed more blame if their sexual orientation suggested potential attraction to the perpetrator: gay men and heterosexual women received more blame than did lesbians and heterosexual men. Further, homophobic attitudes toward gay male victims increased the blame attributed to them: perpetrators of rape of gay men were seen as least responsible for their actions, and the character of gay male victims was seen to be a stronger contributory factor than it was for other victims.     

反馈干预对绩效的影响研究

反馈干预是由外部动因提供的关于个体任务操作或过去行为的信息活动,它有反馈对象、反馈效价和反馈提供方式三个维度。研究结果表明反馈效价、反馈提供方式对绩效的影响具有主效应,且两者的之间交互作用对绩效也存在主效应。积极反馈效价、信息型提供方式有助于提高个体的绩效水平。     

大学生自尊状况的调查研究

该研究的主要目的是对大学生的自尊状况进行描述分析。测量工具为Rosenberg的“自尊量表”。被试取自北京市3所高校的一至三年级大学生,共788人。结果显示,约80％接受调查的大学生显示高自尊,另外约20％的大学生显示低自尊。     

“非典”流行期大学生面对非典的压力源和压力研究

该研究旨在探索非典流行期大学生面对非典的压力源和压力状况,用“大学生非典压力状况调查表”和“大学生非典压力源调查表”测查了723名大学生。结果表明:(1)大学生的非典压力源来自3个方面,它们是非典疾病压力源、非典信息压力源和应对非典措施压力源。(2)非典流行期大学生对非典的恐慌程度、所感受到的非典压力强度以及非典压力对其造成的影响程度均处于中等水平。     

邪教：危害农村的文化恶魔——衡阳市农村邪教组织活动重点地区的调研

自20世纪80年代以来,我国部分农村地区陆续出现了邪教组织。它们的存在及其活动严重危害了农民群众的生命财产安全,扰乱了农村地区社会治安秩序,阻碍了新农村建设。笔者认为邪教是一种特殊的越轨亚文化。这种文化在农村滋生、蔓延以及进行的种种非法活动,     

归纳推理的多样性效应及其机制探索

归纳推理结论范围大于前提范围的这一特点决定了归纳结论的不确定性,寻求前提的多样化是增强结论可靠度的重要途径。已有研究通过寻找证据、力度判断、特征扩展与归宿选择等研究方法发现前提类别覆盖范围、前提概率原则可以较好地解释多样性的内在机制。事实上,多样性效应的实质是大数原则在归纳推理中的运用,其产生的心理过程包括差异识别、大数信息抽取与大数信息运用三个步骤     

大学生自我价值感与主观幸福感的关系研究

对384名大学生采用生活满意度量表、积极情感、消极情感量表和自我价值感量表进行了测试。结果表明:除个人取向的道德自我价值观外,自我价值感的三个维度和两种取向与主观幸福感的三维度之间有着显著的相关。多元回归分析后发现:总体自我价值感与主观幸福感关系密切且呈较强的间接联系,一般自我价值感与主观幸福感的回归效应最为明显。