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71.
Terror management theory (TMT) proposes that people who are reminded of their mortality should be motivated to defend their cultural worldview. Studies 1 and 2 examined whether the TMT worldview defence‐buffering effect found in Western cultures could be generalized to Asians in Taiwan. No such effect was found in the present studies. This non‐significant result was robust when either a stronger distraction task was used (study 1) or when a subliminal manipulation of mortality salience was utilized (study 2). A meta‐analysis, including 24 TMT experiments in East Asia, was also conducted (study 3). The average effect size (d = 0.11, r = 0.055) of worldview defence among these experiments was not significantly different from zero. Study 4 found that mortality salience manipulation also did not change Taiwanese participants' view of reincarnation; however, it did make them more inclined to resign to fate, suggesting that they might be using this symbolic means to defend their anxiety of death. The issue of the generality of TMT to Asians was discussed. 相似文献
72.
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74.
The goal of this study was to examine how individual variation in readers’ skills and, in particular, their background knowledge
about a text are related to text memory. Recollection and familiarity estimates were obtained from remember and know judgments
to text ideas. Recollection estimates to old items were predicted by readers’ background knowledge, but not by other comprehension-related
factors, such as word-decoding skill and working memory capacity. False alarms involving recollection of new items (inferences)
were diminished as a function of verbal ability, working memory capacity, and reasoning but increased as a function of background
knowledge. The results suggest that recollection indexes the reader’s ability to construct a text representation in which
text ideas are integrated with relevant domain knowledge. Moreover, these results highlight the importance of background knowledge
in explaining individual variation in comprehension and memory for text. 相似文献
75.
Previous studies showed a robust and positive relationship between subordinates' trust for leaders and their individual organizational citizenship behaviours. Building on this foundation, we examined two extensions. First, based on the team citizenship behaviours approach, we studied whether the same relationship held at the group level. Second, drawing from literature on leadership and self-efficacy, we studied whether leaders' perceptions of being trusted by their subordinates mattered in this trust relationship; we also examined how this perception affected team citizenship behaviours. Results showed that subordinates' trust for leaders and team citizenship behaviours were positively related at the team level. When leaders felt more trusted, teams showed more citizenship behaviours. Beyond these main effects, leaders' felt trust was found to negatively moderate the relationship between staff trust for leaders and team citizenship behaviours. Theoretical and practical implications of this research are discussed. 相似文献
76.
Perceived trustworthiness is a critical antecedent of interpersonal trust, yet researchers have a limited understanding of how such perceptions are generated. The authors used 2 competing perspectives within the relational demography literature--similarity-attraction and relational norms--to empirically examine the effect of demographic differences. Whereas the similarity-attraction account suggests that subordinates will perceive their managers as more trustworthy when managers and staff are similar in demographic attributes, the relational norms account proposes that subordinates will perceive their managers as more trustworthy when their demographic differences follow normative expectations. Data collected from a field study of 178 manager-subordinate dyads in Hong Kong and Macau support the relational norms account in terms of education and organizational rank. The authors discuss the theoretical and practical implications of the study. 相似文献
77.
Rape myth acceptance has been extensively studied. Little research is available, however, on the relationship of this variable
to other oppressive belief systems. A sample of 492 male and 506 female college students completed the Illinois Rape Myth
Acceptance Scale, the Attitudes Toward Women Scale (short form), the Neosexism Scale, the Modern and Old Fashioned Racism
Scale, the Modern Homophobia Scale, a modified version of the Economic Belief Scale, the Fraboni Scale of Ageism, and the
Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability Scale (short form). Because there were no existing measures of intolerance toward multiple
religions, the Religious Intolerance Scale was developed for this study (using relevant items from the Godfrey Richman Isms
Scale). Findings here suggested that greater racism (both modern and old fashioned), sexism (both modern and old fashioned),
homophobia (toward both gay men and lesbians), ageism, classism, and religious intolerance were each associated with greater
rape myth acceptance. Moreover, each belief system collectively added to the prediction of rape myth acceptance, although
sexism has the highest overlap with rape myth acceptance. Although gender did not moderate the relationship between oppressive
belief systems and rape myth acceptance, results, across analyses, did indicate that men reported greater rape myth acceptance
than women did. Results point to the interrelatedness of rape myth acceptance, racism, sexism, homophobia, classism, ageism,
and religious intolerance. 相似文献
78.
Lirong Long 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2006,68(1):39-51
A structural meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the fit of four different representations of the relations among RIASEC types,
[13] and [14] circular order model, Gati’s (1991) three-group partition model, Rounds and Tracey’s (1996) alternative three-group partition model, and Liu and Rounds’ (2003) modified octant model, on 29 RIASEC correlation matrices collected from Chinese participants. The randomization test of hypothesized order relations was used to evaluate model fit. The results indicated that Holland’s model had the worst fit and was lower than it is fit in US samples; while Gati’s and Rounds and Tracey’s models had best fit. The fit of the Liu and Rounds’ model lay between the fit of Holland’s model and the other models. There was minimal difference in this ordering of model fit across instrument, age, gender and region. These results are interpreted with respect to differences in Chinese culture relative to the US. 相似文献
79.
Pellegrini AD Long JD Roseth CJ Bohn CM Van Ryzin M 《Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983)》2007,121(3):282-289
The interactive influence of preschool children's level of physical activity, sex, and time on the degree of sex segregation was assessed. A sample of nursery school children was observed across much of a school year, and levels of physical activity and sex segregation were sampled during their free play periods. Following sexual selection theory, we predicted a Sex X Time X Physical Activity interaction on segregation such that high-activity girls early in the school year would interact with boys but, with time, the high-activity girls would be segregated among themselves. Boys (both high- and low-activity) should remain segregated across the year. The hypothesis was supported, and results are discussed in terms of the interactive role of biology and socialization on sex segregation. 相似文献
80.
对大学生心理健康教育几个误区的思考 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
李珑 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2007,28(1):50-51
针对大学生心理健康教育中,在心理健康水平的评估、心理健康教育的内容与形式、心理咨询和心理档案的建立等四个方面可能出现的误区,提出了合理化的建议.认为当代大学生心理健康水平总体是较高的,心理健康教育应内容活泼、形式生动、具有针对性;心理咨询应有利于学生隐私的保护;心理健康档案不宜机械使用,应动态追踪. 相似文献