企业员工自我职业生涯管理的影响因素

通过问卷研究方法,研究了影响企业员工自我职业生涯管理的组织及个人心理因素,其中组织因素主要是组织开展的职业生涯管理,个人心理因素主要是掌握动机、超越动机和一般自我效能感。先通过对13家企业的449名被试的研究,确立了研究所使用的相关问卷的项目和信度、效度。然后再通过对11家企业所搜集的399份有效问卷的分析,结果表明：组织和个人心理因素均对自我职业生涯管理有积极的影响,特别是组织职业生涯管理和超越动机影响力比较大     

反馈干预及其影响绩效的内部机制

该文首先对反馈干预的定义进行了分析,认为反馈干预是一种由外部动因提供的有意识有目的的外部反馈。接着从反馈干预方式、任务情景、个体差异3个维度说明了反馈干预组合的复杂性。然后探讨了反馈干预作用的内部机制,认为它主要是通过个体的自我效能感、应对策略、内部目标设置等内部调节变量来影响绩效。最后提出了一种反馈干预对绩效施加作用的模型     

恩威并施，以德服人——家长式领导研究述评

家长式领导是基于中国传统文化而有别于西方领导理论的本土领导理论,广泛存在于各种类型的华人组织中,是中华文化下组织的普遍特征。家长式领导包含仁慈领导,权威领导,德行领导3个维度。该文回顾了家长式领导研究的发展历程,分析了家长式领导的文化基础,介绍了家长式领导三元理论及其测量工具PLS,并指出家长式领导对领导效能有不可忽视的解释力。最后,根据已有的研究,提出了家长式领导研究未来的研究方向,比如对具体行业中家长式领导领导效能的探讨,以及家长式领导三维度之间关系的探讨等     

职业生涯高原研究述评

职业生涯高原（career plateau）是指个体在当前组织中的一种职业生涯状态,其概念最早由Ference等（1977）从组织职业生涯管理的角度提出。研究发现,职业生涯高原与一些重要的效果变量有比较显著的关系,比如情感承诺、缺勤、心理倦怠等。本文从职业生涯高原的概念、结构、影响因素、影响效果、应对策略等方面简述了西方研究者在此领域的研究情况,并指出了目前存在的内涵过窄、缺乏过程性研究等问题及今后努力的方向。     

Category label effects on Chinese children's inductive inferences: modulation by perceptual detail and category specificity

Inductive generalization of novel properties to same-category or similar-looking objects was studied in Chinese preschool children. The effects of category labels on generalizations were investigated by comparing basic-level labels, superordinate-level labels, and a control phrase applied to three kinds of stimulus materials: colored photographs (Experiment 1), realistic line drawings (Experiment 2), and cartoon-like line drawings (Experiment 3). No significant labeling effects were found for photos and realistic drawings, but there were significant effects for cartoon-like drawings. Children made mostly (>70%) category-based inferences about photographs whether or not labels were provided (Experiment 1). Children showed a bias toward category-based inferences about realistic drawings (Experiment 2) but did so only when labels were provided. Finally, children made mostly appearance-based generalizations for cartoon-like drawings (Experiment 3). However, labels (basic or superordinate level) reduced appearance-based responses. Labeling effects did not depend on having identical labels; however, identical superordinate labels were more effective than different basic-level labels for the least informative stimuli (i.e., cartoons). Thus, labels sometimes confirm the identity of ambiguous items. This evidence of labeling effects in Mandarin-speaking Chinese children extends previous findings beyond English-speaking children and shows that the effects are not narrowly culture and language specific.     

College Women’s Attitudes Toward Sex Workers

A growing number of women are entering the sex industry as a means of funding their education (Reilly 2008). Many people view sex workers in stereotyped ways, and may discriminate and oppress women who work in the sex industry (Wolffers and van Beelen 2003). This investigation assessed attitudes toward sex work. Two hundred sixty-six women from a primarily woman’s university located in the Southwestern region of the U.S. completed selected items from the Attitudes Toward Prostitution Scale, Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, and Hostility Toward Women Scale. Results indicated that participants who knew a sex worker had less stereotypical attitudes toward sex workers. However, participants with higher levels of social desirability and hostility toward women had more stereotypical attitudes toward sex workers.     

Stress-enhanced fear learning in rats is resistant to the effects of immediate massed extinction

Enhanced fear learning occurs subsequent to traumatic or stressful events and is a persistent challenge to the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Facilitation of learning produced by prior stress can elicit an exaggerated fear response to a minimally aversive event or stimulus. Stress-enhanced fear learning (SEFL) is a rat model of PTSD; rats previously exposed to the SEFL 15 electrical shocks procedure exhibit several behavioral responses similar to those seen in patients with PTSD. However, past reports found that SEFL is not mitigated by extinction (a model of exposure therapy) when the spaced extinction began 24?h after stress. Recent studies found that extinction from 10?min to 1?h subsequent to fear conditioning "erased" learning, whereas later extinction, occurring from 24 to 72?h after conditioning did not. Other studies indicate that massed extinction is more effective than spaced procedures. Therefore, we examined the time-dependent nature of extinction on the stress-induced enhancement of fear learning using a massed trial's procedure. Experimental rats received 15 foot shocks and were given either no extinction or massed extinction 10?min or 72?h later. Our present data indicate that SEFL, following traumatic stress, is resistant to immediate massed extinction. Experimental rats showed exaggerated new fear learning regardless of when extinction training occurred. Thus, post-traumatic reactivity such as SEFL does not seem responsive to extinction treatments.