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181.
Jessica S. Wasserman Cody W. Polack Crystal Casado Maïte Brunel Mohamad El Haj 《Journal of Cognitive Psychology》2020,32(7):598-614
ABSTRACT Memory for an event is influenced by many factors including retention interval, frequency of assessment, and type of information assessed concerning the event. We examined the usefulness of observer memory for contextual information in assessing accuracy of memory for central information. Participants viewed a video of a purse being stolen and were asked questions concerning the perpetrator and surrounding context of the event, including where and when the event occurred and who else was present. Participants tested immediately after seeing the video exhibited better memory than those tested for the first time 48 hours after the event. Additionally, testing immediately after viewing the video reduced forgetting over the 48-hour delay (i.e. early testing attenuated subsequent forgetting). Moreover, memory for the context of the event correlated positively with memory of the central information (i.e. perpetrator), and memory concerning other people at the event tended to have the highest correlation with perpetrator memory. 相似文献
182.
183.
Three experiments explored the baboon's discrimination of visual displays that comprised 2 to 24 black-and-white computer
icons; the displayed icons were either the same as (same) or different from one another (different). The baboons' discrimination of same from different displays was a positive function of the number of icons. When the number
of icons was decreased to 2 or 4, the baboons responded indiscriminately to the same and different displays, exhibiting strong
position preferences. These results are both similar to and different from those of pigeons that were trained and tested under
comparable conditions.
Accepted after revision: 23 May 2001
Electronic Publication 相似文献
184.
The American Journal of Psychoanalysis - 相似文献
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186.
Edward A Wasserman 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2012,98(2):213-226
“Ideas are like species: they must evolve.” This claim forms the conceptual core of an engaging book by Jonnie Hughes (2011), On the Origin of Tepees. Hughes asks: If evolution by natural selection explains the origin of the human species, then does selection by consequences also explain the origin of what we humans make and do? This question prompts consideration of three important analogies: between natural selection and artificial selection, between the law of natural selection and the law of effect, and between biological evolution and cultural evolution. These analogies in turn stimulate examination of the notions of purpose, design, and agency. Finally, discussion moves to the selectionism of Darwin and Skinner; although still controversial, this view remains the best way for natural science to understand the origins of adaptive behavior. 相似文献
187.
FA Soto EA Wasserman 《Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes》2012,38(3):322-328
A model proposing error-driven learning of associations between representations of stimulus properties and responses can account for many findings in the literature on object categorization by nonhuman animals. Furthermore, the model generates predictions that have been confirmed in both pigeons and people, suggesting that these learning processes are widespread across distantly related species. The present work reports evidence of a category-overshadowing effect in pigeons' categorization of natural objects, a novel behavioral phenomenon predicted by the model. Object categorization learning was impaired when a second category of objects provided redundant information about correct responses. The same impairment was not observed when single objects provided redundant information, but the category to which they belonged was uninformative, suggesting that this effect is different from simple overshadowing, arising from competition among stimulus categories rather than individual stimuli during learning. 相似文献
188.
Ruth M. Senyonyi Lois A. Ochieng James Sells 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2012,90(4):500-504
Professional counseling in Uganda has foundations in traditional cultures of its peoples, guidance offered in schools, and counseling to curb the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Currently, a definitive professional counselor profile in Uganda is being established. The Uganda Counselling Association continues the process of seeking legal authority to regulate counselor training, supervision, and practice. Counselors need to carry out more research to make counseling more relevant to the African situations, cultures, and customs. 相似文献
189.
190.
Helen Lois Koch 《The Journal of genetic psychology》2013,174(1):249-251
Abstract Rachel Stutsman. Mental Measurement of Preschool Children. Yonkers, N. Y.: World Book Co., 1931. Pp. x+368. 相似文献