Back and forth and in between: returning albanian migrants from Greece and Italy

On the basis of findings from a sample of Albanian migrants who have returned to their country of origin from Greece and Italy, we highlight that Greece attracts less skilled and less well off categories of migrants compared to Italy. However, the integration patterns tell a different story. In spite of the fact that Greece does not represent the first choice of Albanians seeking to migrate, and although those who go to Greece are not among the most qualified, nevertheless, they tend to adjust better to their host society and labour market. Furthermore, returning migrants from Greece seem to be better equipped and more likely to utilize the skills and knowledge acquired through migration compared to those returning from Italy.     

Les Carrières Scolaires Des Jeunes Allophones À Montréal, Toronto Et Vancouver: Une Analyse Comparative

On the basis of administrative data obtained from provincial or local authorities, this article examines the school pathways of young allophones in the dominant linguistic sector: French in Montreal and English in Toronto and Vancouver. In each of the three cities, although they have comparatively lower characteristics, the allophones (target group) perform more or less as the non-allophones (comparison group), in terms of cumulative graduation rates as well as choice of selective courses leading to CEGEP or university. It remains, nevertheless, that this performance differs between linguistic subgroups, with the hierarchy of such subgroups varying between the three cities. However, a multivariate regression analysis reveals, after controlling for the differences in the characteristics of the two groups, that the control group comes rather on top and this, in all three cities. Moreover, the regression analysis examines, for each of the three cities, the risk factors affecting the target group and compares them with the corresponding factors affecting the comparison group.     

Migrant Entrepreneurship in Greece: Diversity of Pathways for Emerging Ethnic Business Communities in Thessaloniki

This paper examines aspects of immigrants’ entrepreneurship in Greece, focusing on the emergence of distinct ethnic business communities by migrants from China, Nigeria, Albania and the former USSR. Beginning from a literature review, it overviews the policy context and official statistics in Greece and discusses recent fieldwork findings in Thessaloniki. The diversity of entrepreneurial strategies and practises is explained through a typology based on the prevailing characteristics of immigrant businesses. We suggest that the entrepreneurship of migrants is embedded within the dynamics of immigrants’ integration and the broader factors on which this depends. This has important implications, calling for a realistic, coherent, inclusive and long-spanning migratory policy.     

Social and Economic Exchange: Construct Development and Validation

This study examined the economic and social exchanges between employee and employer within a model in which perceived organizational support and affective and continuance commitment served as predictors and performance, altruism citizenship behavior, absence, and lateness served as outcomes. Two samples were used. 384 master of business administration students participated in Study 1, and Study 2 consisted of 181 aerospace employees and their managers, working for a single organization. Both studies supported the distinctiveness between economic and social exchanges. Study 2 showed the overall fit of the proposed model was adequate, though only social exchange, and not economic exchange, directly predicted the performance outcomes. These results suggest the importance of perceived exchanges between employee and employer.     

Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 with athletes

The aim of this work was to develop a Spanish adaptation of the Revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2. The scale was translated and its psychometric properties were analyzed with data from a sample of 149 athletes. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed which supported a 16-item CSAI-2R assessing the three hypothesised dimensions of anxiety: Somatic anxiety, Cognitive anxiety, and Self-confidence. Overall fit of the model was good with a value of .97 for Comparative and Non-Normed Fit Indexes, and .045 for Root Mean Square Error of Approximation. Cronbach alpha coefficients for the factors ranged from .79 to .83. It is concluded that this version shows adequate properties, in terms of its dimensionality and internal consistency. Guidelines are also provided for future research on its validity as a measure of state anxiety in competitive situations.     

Intrahemispheric sex differences in the functional representation of language and praxic functions in normal individuals

Kimura (1980, The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3, 240-241; 1983, Canadian Journal of Psychology, 37, 19-35; 1987, Canadian Psychology, 28, 133-147) recently proposed that there are intrahemispheric sex differences in the organization of particular language and praxic functions such that in females these functions are more focally represented. This hypothesis, as well as supporting data, was derived from research with brain-injured subjects. The purpose of the present study was to test the utility of using dual-task methodology for investigating sex-related variation in intrahemispheric functional organization in normal individuals. Women were found to show greater interference than men on concurrent tasks of language and right-hand finger tapping. In support of Kimura's model, the present findings yielded evidence suggestive of intrahemispheric sex differences in the "functional distance" between language and praxic functions within the left hemisphere of normal individuals.     

Correspondence

The American Journal of Psychoanalysis -     

An examination of the continuous distractor task and the “long-term recency effect”

The continuous distractor task has yielded a so-called "long-term recency effect" that appears to call into question the dual-storage explanation of serial position effects in free recall. In this study, we show that the "long-term recency effect" is really a short-term storage effect, resulting from adaptation to the repeated presentation of a particular type of distractor throughout the list. This adaptation, a time-sharing process, permits short-term storage to carry out its normal functions. Experiment 1 shows that an appropriate postlist distractor task does in fact eliminate the "long-term recency effect." This finding supports the assertion that the effect is a product of short-term storage. Experiment 2 demonstrates the benefits and costs of the time-sharing process, relative to standard free recall, for both long-term and short-term storage. The findings support the time-sharing hypothesis. Experiment 3 replicates Experiment 2, with a change in procedure that rules out output interference as a mechanism responsible for the results of Experiment 2. Data are also presented on the development of the adaptation over trials. It is concluded that the adaptation and time-sharing processes need to be included in the dual-storage model of short-term storage.     

A clarification of frequency effects in children’s discrimination learning

Memory & Cognition - Three experiments were conducted to assess the effects of certain stimulus variables on children’s discrimination learning. In general, it was found that word...     

Gender differences in moral development

Sixty-nine Midwestern middle-class children and adolescents were tested on justice and care orientations when reasoning abstract and interpersonal moral dilemmas. Nona Lyons' (“Two Perspectives on Self, Relationships and Morality,” Harvard Educational Review, 1983, 53, 125–145) scoring method was used to score subjects' responses. A 2(sex)×2(age) analysis of variance run on the total justice and care scores, as well as each individual dilemma, supported Carol Gilligan's (In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982) theory that two distinct ways of thinking about moral problems exist — justice and care — and are differentially related to gender. Girls emphasized the morality of care significantly more than justice. Contrary to Gilligan (1982) and Lyons (1983), however, boys in both age groups emphasized the morality of justice and care equally. Data from the interpersonal dilemmas using Lyons's (1983) coding scheme are consistent with J. Piaget (The Moral Judgement of the Child, New York: Free Press, 1966) and Lawrence Kohlberg [“The Cognitive-Developmental Approach,” in D. A. Goslin (Ed.), Handbook of Socialization Theory and Research, Chicago: Rand McNally, 1969]: older subjects became more justice oriented and younger subjects emphasized the morality of care. Sex differences on Kohlberg's stage theory were not significant and the protagonist's gender in the Heinz dilemma had no effect on moral reasoning.