Academics and entrepreneurs: Factors affecting the quality and utility of government-sponsored research

Evaluations of the factors contributing to the quality and utility of sponsored research have indicated that characteristics of the researchers and funding arrangements tend to explain differences among projects. This article examines the validity of assumptions about the effects of organizational environment, funding level, and project duration on the outcome of funded research. The results of this study suggest a need to reexamine ideas about the determinants of research quality and utility, and implications for managers of research studies are drawn from the findings.     

Effects of personality and loss of anonymity on aggression: A revaluation of deindividuation1

Zimbardo's deindividuation hypothesis was reexamined by individuating some subjects. Twelve four-person groups administered shock to a confederate in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design with two levels of social individuation (subjects' level of anonymity to group members), two levels of nonsocial individuation (subjects' opportunity to give identifying information to the experimenter on a word association test), and two levels of individual differences. It was found that subjects who individuated themselves by giving information to the experimenter on the word association test showed more, not less, antisocial behavior. Furthermore, this increased antisocial behavior was exhibited only by externally oriented subjects: those with an external locus of control and a low mysticism score. Some of those more antisocial subjects were also more likely to report feeling like they stood out from the group. It was concluded that antisocial behavior in this paradigm may thus be a response to experimenter demand felt most strongly when subjects felt most identifiable.     

Pitch memory for short tones

Ten listeners judged a 300-msec tone as higher or lower in pitch than another 300-msec tone that occurred 8 sec earlier. The intervening time either was unfilled or contained a 400-msec interpolated tone. This interpolated tone occurred either just after the first tone or just before the final one, and was of a frequency either inside or outside the critical band of the target frequency. Performance for the silent-interval condition was about as good as has been reported for pitch discrimination with no delay when the target was 250 Hz but was slightly poorer for the target at 1,550 Hz. Presence of the interpolated tone decreased the slope of the psychometric [unction and produced constant error for nine Ss. These effects were more pronounced when the interpolated tone occurred 50 msec after the target than when it preceded the comparison tone by 50 msec. Both brevity of the target tone and occurrence soon thereafter of an interpolated tone are required to produce constant errors of pitch memory.     

Attitudes of Counselors and Disadvantaged Students Toward School Guidance

This study of attitudes toward school guidance indicated that a differential pattern of endorsement of attitude items exists between experienced counselors and Upward Bound participants. A statistically significant difference was discovered between counselors and Upward Bound participants in terms of median attitude endorsement. While this difference did not appear to be seriously discrepant in a qualitative sense, at least one-third of the Upward Bound participants held somewhat negative attitudes.     

Consumers,physicians, and payors: A triad of conflicting interests

The dynamic changes in American health care are significiantly deeper than technological advancement alone. Consumers, physicians, and third party payors are all assuming new roles in the system. The balance of medical control is radically shifting. Unless the three parties come together in a mutual partnership, needed improvements will not occur and what is currently good in the system will be lost. The key to this important partnership is the consumer.     

Antecedentes y aparición de la Psicología del Procesamiento de Información: un estudio histórico

Resumen

El presente artículo recopila los grandes hitos asociados al surgimiento de la Psicología del Procesamiento de Información (principales autores, obras, instituciones, eventos científicos, etc.) en Gran Bretaña y Estados Unidos, países en donde este enfoque tiene su origen. Esto se hace a través de una perspectiva de análisis histórico que, remontándonos a los años veinte—y tras pasar revista a los acontecimientos más relevantes para la Historia de la Psicología acaecidos durante los años treinta, cuarenta y cincuenta—, nos conduce a 1958, fecha clave para el nacimiento y difusión de lo que hoy conocemos como Psicología del Procesamiento de Información.     

On Not Three Male Gods: Retrieving Wisdom in Trinitarian Discourse

Abstract : In response to recent debates over gender and the Trinity, this essay examines how biblical texts concerning Christ as the Wisdom of God played a crucial role in developing the case for the co‐equal Trinity. The theme of wisdom not only helps us understand why trinitarian doctrine precludes a tritheism of three male gods or a hierarchy within the Trinity, but it also provides insight into what lies at the heart of the Trinity and the incarnation.     

Postmodernizing the Unconscious with the Help of Derrida and Lyotard

The American Journal of Psychoanalysis -     

Knowledge management: A re-assessment and case

The authors are building a knowledge management system (KMS) for use by several U.S. federal agencies. Its use must harmonize with multiple agency and disciplinary cultures, and also link with the efforts of at least one international agency. In this paper, we present the KMS project’s technological contributions and implementation considerations as a case in knowledge management (KM). We link the public-sector case with our assessment of KM’s current status and future prospects. We find the challenges for KM’s future are in theory, interactivity, integration, the recognition of cultural differences, and the design of marketing programs that respect these differences. His research focuses on technology management and technology entrepreneurship. Dr. Delcambre’s research focuses on object-oriented and other database data models. developed the Metadata++ software discussed in this paper. With Lois Delcambre, he has been exploring models for terms or keywords that are used in a digital library.