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41.
Ellen-Marie Forsberg Frank O. Anthun Sharon Bailey Giles Birchley Henriette Bout Carlo Casonato Gloria González Fuster Bert Heinrichs Serge Horbach Ingrid Skjæggestad Jacobsen Jacques Janssen Matthias Kaiser Inge Lerouge Barend van der Meulen Sarah de Rijcke Thomas Saretzki Margit Sutrop Marta Tazewell Krista Varantola Knut Jørgen Vie Hub Zwart Mira Zöller 《Science and engineering ethics》2018,24(4):1023-1034
This document presents the Bonn PRINTEGER Consensus Statement: Working with Research Integrity—Guidance for research performing organisations. The aim of the statement is to complement existing instruments by focusing specifically on institutional responsibilities for strengthening integrity. It takes into account the daily challenges and organisational contexts of most researchers. The statement intends to make research integrity challenges recognisable from the work-floor perspective, providing concrete advice on organisational measures to strengthen integrity. The statement, which was concluded February 7th 2018, provides guidance on the following key issues:
相似文献
- § 1.Providing information about research integrity
- § 2.Providing education, training and mentoring
- § 3.Strengthening a research integrity culture
- § 4.Facilitating open dialogue
- § 5.Wise incentive management
- § 6.Implementing quality assurance procedures
- § 7.Improving the work environment and work satisfaction
- § 8.Increasing transparency of misconduct cases
- § 9.Opening up research
- § 10.Implementing safe and effective whistle-blowing channels
- § 11.Protecting the alleged perpetrators
- § 12.Establishing a research integrity committee and appointing an ombudsperson
- § 13.Making explicit the applicable standards for research integrity
42.
Differentiating perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns, the present study examined how perfectionism predicts what coping strategies people use, when dealing with failures, and how perfectionism and coping influence people's satisfaction. A sample of 149 students completed daily reports for 3-14 days, reporting the most bothersome failure they experienced during the day, what strategies they used to cope with the failure, and how satisfied they felt at the end of the day. Multilevel regression analyses showed that perfectionistic concerns predicted more frequent use of self-blame, less frequent use of active coping and acceptance, and higher satisfaction at the end of the day, whereas perfectionistic strivings predicted less frequent use of self-blame and higher satisfaction. Although positive reframing, acceptance, and humor predicted higher satisfaction for all students, further analyses showed that positive reframing coping was particularly helpful for students high in perfectionistic concern. The findings suggest that accommodative coping strategies are generally helpful in dealing with personal failures, with positive reframing being a coping strategy that works particularly well for people high in perfectionistic concerns (who are prone to dissatisfaction) to achieve higher satisfaction at the end of the day. 相似文献
43.
Luyten L Vansteenwegen D van Kuyck K Gabriëls L Nuttin B 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2011,11(2):228-244
Animal models of psychiatric disorders are important translational tools for exploring new treatment options and gaining more
insight into the disease. Thus far, there is no systematically validated animal model for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD),
a severely impairing and difficult-to-treat disease. In this review, we propose contextual conditioning (CC) as an animal
model for GAD. We argue that this model has sufficient face validity (there are several symptom similarities), predictive
validity (it responds to clinically effective treatments), and construct validity (the underlying mechanisms are comparable).
Although the refinement and validation of an animal model is a never-ending process, we want to give a concise overview of
the currently available evidence. We suggest that the CC model might be a valuable preclinical tool to enhance the development
of new treatment strategies and our understanding of GAD. 相似文献
44.
The reminiscence bump is the tendency to recall relatively many personal events from the period in which the individual was between 10 and 30 years
old. This effect has only been found in autobiographical memory studies that used participants who were older than 40 years
of age. The increased recall of recent events possibly obscures the reminiscence bump in the results of younger participants.
In this study, a model was proposed that removes the increase for recent events from the temporal distribution. The model
basically estimates a retention function based on the 10 most recent years from the observed distributions and divides the
observed distributions by predictions derived from the estimated retention function. The model was examined with three simulated
data sets and one experimental data set. The results of the experiment offered two practical examples of how the model could
be used to investigate the temporal distribution of autobiographical memories. 相似文献
45.
We present a set of 150 pictures with morphologically complex English compound names. The pictures were collected from various
sources and were standardized to appear as grayscale line drawings of a fixed size. All the compounds had two constituents
and were primarily of the noun–noun type. Following previous studies, we collected name agreement (percentage and H), familiarity, image agreement, and visual complexity norms, as well as frequency estimates for the whole compound word and
its first and second constituents. These pictures and their corresponding norms (available from the Psychonomic Society's
supplemental archive) are a valuable tool in the study of the morphological representation of complex words in language processing. 相似文献
46.
An important stage in visual processing is the quantification of optical attributes of the outside world. We argue that the metrics used for this quantification are flexible, and that this flexibility is exploited to optimise the discriminative power of the metrics. We derive mathematical expressions for such optimal metrics and show that they exhibit properties resembling well-known visual phenomena. To conclude, we discuss some of the implications of flexible metrics for visual identification. 相似文献
47.
48.
R Janssen P De Boeck M Viaene L Vallaeys 《Journal of experimental child psychology》1999,74(3):261-281
The speeded performance on simple mental addition problems of 6- and 7-year-old children with and without mild mental retardation is modeled from a person perspective and an item perspective. On the person side, it was found that a single cognitive dimension spanned the performance differences between the two ability groups. However, a discontinuity, or "jump," was observed in the performance of the normal ability group on the easier items. On the item side, the addition problems were almost perfectly ordered in difficulty according to their problem size. Differences in difficulty were explained by factors related to the difficulty of executing nonretrieval strategies. All findings were interpreted within the framework of Siegler's (e.g., R. S. Siegler & C. Shipley, 1995) model of children's strategy choices in arithmetic. Models from item response theory were used to test the hypotheses. 相似文献
49.
S. A. M. Kloth F. W. Kraaimaat P. Janssen G. J. Brutten 《Journal of Fluency Disorders》1999,24(4):2013-265
This investigation concerns the persistence of stuttering and recovery from it among high-risk children. At the end of the second year of a 6-year prospective study, 26 of 93 preschool children with a parental history of stuttering were classified as stutterers. Four years later, seven of these children were classified as persistent stutterers, and 16 children were classified as recovered stutterers. The articulatory and linguistic skills of these two groups of children and the communicative and speaking behaviors of their mothers, were measured before and after the onset of stuttering. The analysis of these measures revealed that the articulatory skills of the children and the communicative style and language complexity of the mothers differentiated the incipient stutters whose stuttering subsequently became chronic from those who recovered. 相似文献
50.
Saskia Kloth Peggy Janssen Floris Kraaimaat Gene J. Brutten 《Journal of Fluency Disorders》1998,23(4):217-230
In this prospective study, 26 of the 93 preschool children with a parental history of stuttering who began to stutter were compared at preonset and 1 year later with those of a matched group of 26 children who continued to be seen as nonstutterers. These two groups of at-risk children were compared in terms of the development of their articulatory and language skills and in terms of the communicative style and speaking behaviors of their mothers. At preonset, the children who started to stutter demonstrated a faster articulatory rate than those who remained fluent. One year later, however, this difference was no longer statistically significant. The two groups of children did not differ in their linguistic skills at either of these time periods. Moreover, the communicative style and speaking behaviors of the mothers of the children who later began to stutter did not differ from that of the mothers of children who did not either prior to or after the onset of stuttering. This suggests that these variables did not contribute to the onset of stuttering or to its course. 相似文献