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101.
Processing of cognition, affect, and intention was investigated in viewers of advertisements to prevent speeding while driving. Results indicated that anchoring-point messages had greater effects on viewers' cognition, attitude, and behavioral intention than did messages without anchoring points. Further, the changes in message anchoring points altered participants' perceptions of acceptable and unacceptable judgments: a higher anchoring point in the form of speeding mortality was more persuasive in promoting the idea of reducing driving speed. Implications for creation of effective safe driving communications are discussed. 相似文献
102.
Grégory Lo Monaco Anthony Piermattéo Christian Guimelli Andreea Ernst‐Vintila 《European journal of social psychology》2011,41(1):1-5
The present study shows that the paradigm relative to Black Sheep Effect (BSE) may be used to reveal normative stakes whose existence is not clearly identified. To this end, our study focuses on alcohol drinking practices among students, specifically with regard to drinking contexts (solitary vs. group). Our hypothesis was that the drinking norms are determined by their context (i.e. social vs. solitary drinking). More specifically, we suggested that social drinking is viewed by students as pro‐normative, while solitary drinking is viewed as anti‐normative. The results confirmed our hypotheses and enable us to consider that the BSE paradigm has the potential to reveal normative stakes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
103.
How shared preferences in music create bonds between people: values as the missing link 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Boer D Fischer R Strack M Bond MH Lo E Lam J 《Personality & social psychology bulletin》2011,37(9):1159-1171
How can shared music preferences create social bonds between people? A process model is developed in which music preferences as value-expressive attitudes create social bonds via conveyed value similarity. The musical bonding model links two research streams: (a) music preferences as indicators of similarity in value orientations and (b) similarity in value orientations leading to social attraction. Two laboratory experiments and one dyadic field study demonstrated that music can create interpersonal bonds between young people because music preferences can be cues for similar or dissimilar value orientations, with similarity in values then contributing to social attraction. One study tested and ruled out an alternative explanation (via personality similarity), illuminating the differential impact of perceived value similarity versus personality similarity on social attraction. Value similarity is the missing link in explaining the musical bonding phenomenon, which seems to hold for Western and non-Western samples and in experimental and natural settings. 相似文献
104.
105.
Anaïs Racca Eleonora Amadei Séverine Ligout Kun Guo Kerstin Meints Daniel Mills 《Animal cognition》2010,13(3):525-533
Although domestic dogs can respond to many facial cues displayed by other dogs and humans, it remains unclear whether they
can differentiate individual dogs or humans based on facial cues alone and, if so, whether they would demonstrate the face
inversion effect, a behavioural hallmark commonly used in primates to differentiate face processing from object processing.
In this study, we first established the applicability of the visual paired comparison (VPC or preferential looking) procedure
for dogs using a simple object discrimination task with 2D pictures. The animals demonstrated a clear looking preference for
novel objects when simultaneously presented with prior-exposed familiar objects. We then adopted this VPC procedure to assess
their face discrimination and inversion responses. Dogs showed a deviation from random behaviour, indicating discrimination
capability when inspecting upright dog faces, human faces and object images; but the pattern of viewing preference was dependent
upon image category. They directed longer viewing time at novel (vs. familiar) human faces and objects, but not at dog faces,
instead, a longer viewing time at familiar (vs. novel) dog faces was observed. No significant looking preference was detected
for inverted images regardless of image category. Our results indicate that domestic dogs can use facial cues alone to differentiate
individual dogs and humans and that they exhibit a non-specific inversion response. In addition, the discrimination response
by dogs of human and dog faces appears to differ with the type of face involved. 相似文献
106.
This essay first discusses the three major arguments in favor of euthanasia and physician-assisted-suicide in contemporary
Western society, viz., the arguments of mercy, preventing indignity, and individual autonomy. It then articulates both Confucian consonance and
dissonance to them. The first two arguments make use of Confucian discussions on suicide whereas the last argument appeals
to Confucian social-political thought. It concludes that from the Confucian moral perspectives, none of the three arguments
is fully convincing. 相似文献
107.
108.
Tom J. Barry Helen M. Baker Christine H. M. Chiu Barbara C. Y. Lo 《Cognition & emotion》2019,33(3):512-523
Difficulties with inhibiting fear have been associated with the emergence of anxiety problems and poor response to cognitive–behavioural treatment. Fear inhibition problems measured using experimental paradigms involving aversive stimuli may be inappropriate for vulnerable samples and may not capture fear inhibition problems evident in everyday life. We present the Fear Inhibition Questionnaire (FIQ), a self-report measure of fear inhibition abilities. We assess the FIQ’s factor structure across two cultures and how well it correlates with fear inhibition indices derived experimentally. Adolescent participants from Hong Kong and England completed the FIQ, with the English participants also completing a conditioning and extinction task to assess fear inhibition problems. Across both cultures, the FIQ showed a single factor structure and low FIQ scores, or worse fear inhibition problems, were associated with self-reports of heightened anxiety. Correlation of FIQ scores with experimental indices, whilst controlling for anxious symptoms, suggests that the FIQ represents a valid and unique measure of fear inhibition abilities. The FIQ might be used to assess more ecologically valid fear inhibition problems particularly amongst people who have or who are at risk of anxiety diagnoses. 相似文献
109.
Research on cognitive models of depression has identified negative cognitive styles and rumination as risk factors for depression. The present study examined the hypothesis that rumination mediates the effect of negative cognitive styles on depression. Specifically, we evaluated the differential effects of two aspects of rumination, characterized by brooding and reflection, on the relationship between negative cognitive styles and level of depressive symptoms. A total of 115 college students and 38 patients suffering from depressive disorders completed a battery of questionnaires measuring levels of depressive symptoms, brooding, reflection, and negative cognitive styles. The results support the notion that there exist two distinct dimensions of rumination and that, of the two, it is brooding and not reflection that mediates the relationship between negative cognitive styles and depression and contributes to its negative outcomes. 相似文献
110.
Bonnefon JF Eid M Vautier S Jmel S 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2008,61(5):809-824
A fine-grained dual-process approach to conditional reasoning is advocated: Responses to conditional syllogisms are reached through the operation of either one of two systems, each of which can rely on two different mechanisms. System1 relies either on pragmatic implicatures or on the retrieval of information from semantic memory; System2 operates first through inhibition of System1, then (but not always) through activation of analytical processes. It follows that reasoners will fall into one of four groups of increasing reasoning ability, each group being uniquely characterized by (a) the modal pattern of individual answers to blocks of affirming the consequent (AC), denying the antecedent (DA), and modus tollens (MT) syllogisms featuring the same conditional; and (b) the average rate of determinate answers to AC, DA, and MT. This account receives indirect support from the extant literature and direct support from a mixed Rasch model of responses given to 18 syllogisms by 486 adult reasoners. 相似文献