利安当《天儒印》对《四书》的索隐式理解

利安当是最早反对中国祭祖拜孔礼仪的来华传教士之一,同时,他也反对用“太极”和“理”来表述天主教的“天主”,但是,在他晚期所著《天儒印》一书里,他以天主教义理为基础对《四书》进行了大量索隐式的解读。本文从“天主”的表述、“天主”的属性、基督徒的德性等几个方面阐述了这种牵合式“印证”解读的具体表现。     

类别学习多重系统理论的研究与展望

介绍了国外学者为验证类别学习的多重系统理论所做的行为实验研究及主要结果,包括反馈训练、延迟反馈、反应位置、间断的类别刺激分布等因素对信息整合的类别学习的影响,和数字Stroop任务、序列记忆扫描任务、类别数量等因素对基于规则的类别学习的影响;同时,作者指出了实验中没有很好地解决两种类别结构之间的难度差异等问题,并提出了今后需要进一步研究的课题     

“鲁学”北渐与齐鲁古道

齐鲁大地,海岱之间,古道众多,但据严耕望先生考证有东西两条重要之南北交通线,现代考古发现也证实了此观点。春秋末发源于鲁的儒学在战国时期兴盛于齐,既而在西汉成为罢黜百家,独尊儒术的显学。这一过程背后有很多因素,本文仅从儒学传播的地理途径——齐鲁古道入手,以孔子、孟子来往于齐鲁两地的行迹为中心,将史籍文献、历代地理变迁之大势以及迄今所存之历史遗迹等线索汇集一起,阐释齐鲁古道在鲁学北渐中的特殊意义。     

情绪加工中杏仁核的效价特异性

杏仁核是情绪信息加工的关键脑区。近年来心理学和神经科学领域发现了杏仁核情绪加工的效价特异性现象,并且整体存在左侧杏仁核对正性情绪、右侧杏仁核对负性情绪以及双侧杏仁核负性偏好的特异性趋势,且受到材料突出特征、个体差异、任务条件的调节。未来可进一步探索注意对杏仁核情绪效价特异性的调节作用,探究动态情绪刺激加工时杏仁核的活动特点,考察心理障碍患者加工负性情绪时的杏仁核激活模式,并确定杏仁核的效价特异性在思维、计划、决策等高级认知过程中的表现。     

非政府组织参与的几个问题

中国传统社会是一个低参与的社会,民间组织处于被抑制状态。20世纪50年代以后,民间组织经历一个政治化的过程。改革开放以后,随着体制改革和社会利益的分化,非政府组织及其参与问题重新凸显于中国社会。非政府组织在环保、计划生育等低政治性领域发挥着较大的作用。非政府组织的行动与政府的互动,将推动中国政治从控制走向善治。     

睡眠不足对人际交互的影响及其认知神经机制

睡眠不足会对人的认知、情感和人际交互产生诸多影响。这种影响在社会情绪层面表现为个体情绪共情和认知共情的减少,易激惹性与愤怒情绪的增加;在社会行为层面则表现为亲社会行为的减少和攻击行为的增加。在睡眠不足状态下,情绪系统和认知系统功能连接的减弱可能是这些变化的潜在机制。未来应结合生态效度较高的睡眠操作手段,系统考察睡眠不足如何导致各种高级社会情绪的改变,以及这些社会情绪的变化如何导致社会行为的变化。     

运动视觉中计时行为的控制操作理论

运动视觉中的计时行为分为两类 :拦截行为和制动行为。“环境—活动者系统”(EAS)中的信息决定着计量行为的控制操作。本文阐明了信息和EAS的特性 ,通过对 tau-margin在拦截行为中的作用以及视觉变量τ对于制动操作重要性的分析 ,论述了运动视觉中计时行为的控制操作理论。     

Contextualising Risk and Building Resilience: Returnees Versus Local Entrepreneurs in China

Risk is a pivotal concept in entrepreneurship research, as entrepreneurs constantly face uncertainty, ambiguity, setbacks, and stressful situations. Attitudes toward risk vary contingent upon individual risk preferences and cultural influences. Building resilience is critical for entrepreneurs to overcome obstacles, deal with risk, and grow their ventures. By juxtaposing effectuation theory and resilience literature, we compare the perceptions of risk held by Chinese returnees and local entrepreneurs and their coping strategies in building resilience. Our research reveals two types of coping approaches, namely effectual coping and causal coping. This study contributes to the comparative international entrepreneurship literature by contextualising the notion of risk held by entrepreneurs influenced by Eastern and Western cultures. Our study further contributes to the nascent literature on resilience in organisations by specifying the entrepreneurial occupational context and exploring the influence of cultures on resilience, and by identifying distinctive resilience-building coping strategies based upon cultural influences and interpretations of risk. Furthermore, we suggest that resilience can constitute one micro-foundation of effectuation theory in the context of entrepreneurship dealing with risk.     

Does power corrupt? The moderating effect of status

Findings on the effect of power on corruption are mixed. To make sense of these mixed results, three studies were conducted to examine the moderating role of status on this effect. In Study 1, corrupt intent was measured using a corruption scenario that contained manipulations of power and status. In Study 2, corrupt behaviour was measured in a corruption game that contained manipulations of power and status. Study 3 was conducted in real organisational settings, and aimed to expand the external validity of Studies 1 and 2. The results of all three studies consistently indicated that the effect of power was moderated by status. Specifically, power increased corruption when status was low, whereas this effect disappeared when status was high. The implications of reducing the facilitating effect of power on corruption by considering status from the perspective of social hierarchy are discussed.