One ring to rule them all: Master discourses of enlightenment—and racism—from colonial to contemporary New Zealand

We interrogated historical continuity and change in discourses of enlightenment and racism through the analysis of 160 years of New Zealand Speeches from the Throne (1854–2014, 163 speeches). Enlightenment discourses of benevolence and perfectibility were prevalent in all periods, much more so than racism. ‘Old‐fashioned’ racism took the form of an assumed civilizational superiority (including accusations of ‘barbarism’) during colonization, with ‘modern’ racism taking forms like blaming Māori for not ‘productively’ using the land. Both declined to almost zero by the 20th century, undermining the idea of ‘old‐fashioned’ versus ‘modern’ racism. Utilitarian discourses peaked in the late 19th to early 20th centuries as justification for Māori land alienation. ‘Master discourses of enlightenment’ consisted of a central core of social representations that changed at the periphery, with a gradual expansion of symbolic inclusion of Māori in discourses of national identity to the point where biculturalism is the dominant discourse for elites today.     

Determinants of pro‐environmental consumption intention in rural China: The role of traditional cultures,personal attitudes and reference groups

This study aimed to identify social‐psychological predictors of pro‐environmental consumption intention in rural China. To this end, a proposed conceptual model was tested by analyzing the survey data derived from 972 rural respondents in Jiangxi province in south‐eastern China. Results showed that the endorsement of traditional cultures (man–nature orientation and collectivism) was linked with pro‐environmental consumption behaviuor, but was mediated by intentions. Personal attitudes (environmental cognition and environmental affect) and reference groups influenced both intention and behaviour. The results also provided good evidence of the intention–behaviour relationship. These findings provided a better understanding of the process in which Chinese rural residents developed their pro‐environmental consumption behaviours.     

儿童青少年优秀品质的基本特点与模式*

采用优势行动价值问卷儿童青少年版（VIA-Youth）对947名城市儿童青少年进行调查,以探究儿童青少年优秀品质的基本特点,包括各种优秀品质的性别及年龄特点,以及儿童青少年优秀品质的组合模式等。研究得出以下结论：在24种优秀品质中,儿童青少年得分最高的5种分别是领导力、信仰、审慎、谦虚和正直,得分最低的5种为幽默、善良慷慨、感恩、宽容和好奇心。男生的好奇心得分显著高于女生,女生的情感智力和自我控制得分显著高于男生,在其他优秀品质上不存在显著性别差异;除创造力、信仰等5种优秀品质以外,八年级青少年的优秀品质得分均显著高于五年级儿童。潜剖面分析表明,儿童青少年优秀品质表现为高优秀品质组、中等略低优秀品质组和低优秀品质组3种不同的组合模式,3种组合模式的分布不存在显著的性别和年级差异。     

“工会再造”与马克思主义工会学说中国化

工会是资本主义现代性范畴,标志工人阶级集体行动进入到"自为"阶段。马克思恩格斯所目睹的工会组织,是在资本主义雇佣劳动体制下,工人阶级有组织地同资本斗争的共同体形式;但是资本主义体制下的工会必然出现内卷化、贵族化问题,使其倒退为狭隘的经济利益社团。中国共产党在中国社会情境中对工会的政治形态、职能形态、文化形态和制度形态进行系统再造,领导工人阶级革命建国,使工人阶级上升为国家领导阶级,工会进入社会主义国家政权,成为中国共产党治国理政的经常性、基础性工作。"工会再造"是马克思主义工会学说中国化的源头活水,是发展21世纪马克思主义工会学说的现实依据。     

五四后马克思主义革命话语构建的实践路径、理论逻辑与历史逻辑

五四运动爆发后,中国早期马克思主义者基于掌握革命话语权的现实需要,通过开展诸如"问题与主义"之争的学理对话,逐步形成深入结合中国实际构建马克思主义革命话语的实践路径。以孙中山为代表的资产阶级革命派构建三民主义理论时,将中国国情纳入考察范畴,并视马克思主义理论能否具体地运用于中国革命实践为创新话语方式、扩展话语内涵、提升话语能力的重要标准。随着马克思主义理论在中国的广泛传播与发展,马克思主义革命话语由概念提出、学理对话,逐渐过渡到形成革命运动的实践阶段,"社会革命"由此被纳入马克思主义革命话语构建的历史进程。五四后马克思主义革命话语构建的历史过程与实践路径,反映了早期中国共产党人掌握马克思主义话语权的现实需要,折射出马克思主义革命话语构建的理论逻辑与历史逻辑。     

摹略万物之然,论求群言之比--模态逻辑新观念述评

模态逻辑是一个多方面的学科,它起初在哲学中得名,在很长一段时间中作为"必然和可能的逻辑"而被人所知.但是,把模态逻辑视为关于"可能"和"必然"的逻辑至少在20世纪60年代末就已经过时."模态语言是研究关系结构的一种简单但富于表达力的语言"、"模态语言为关系结构提供一种内部的、局部的视角"、"模态语言不是孤立的形式系统",这就是关于模态逻辑的新观点(这种观点有时称为"阿姆斯特丹观点").新观点不再把模态逻辑视为任意种类的形而上学系统,而是作为研究行为、知识以及我们周围任何其他具有良好结构的具体事物的逻辑形式系统.     

Whose promises are worth more? How social status affects trust in promises

Promises are among the most widely used tools for increasing trust in social hierarchies; yet the effect of social status on trust in promises is unknown. Here we used a modified version of the Trust Game, in which participants, acting as Investors, were paired with Trustees of varying social status who were given the opportunity to promise (or not) to return at least half of the multiplied amount (i.e., 4 × the amount invested). No return feedback was provided. Participants invested more in partners who promised than those who did not or whose promise information was concealed. Importantly, in both lab-manipulated (Exps. 1–3: math-induced) and pre-existing (Exp. 4: university-based) hierarchies, participants invested more in promises given by high status than low status partners. Post-experiment measures suggest that this may be due to greater expectations of honesty for high status than low status others. Potential explanations and implications are discussed.     

从孝道看传统礼治在乡村社会的运行及其当代启示

中国传统社会以伦理为本位,以孝治国和依礼治村是乡土社会治理的显著特征。首先,孝道传承始于有礼可依,仪式赋予孝道以知识化和规范化,节庆又将族群的精神气质具象化为礼仪传统。其次,传统乡绅在地方自治和村庄教化中起到传道和卫道的作用,使得乡村孝道在运行中违礼必究。再次,乡村孝道的传播和再生产,还有赖于无形的乡村舆论形成的孝道保护的文化磁场,牵引着乡村社会依礼而治、无讼自治。在百年社会急速蜕变中,现代社会良性协调机制的供给远落后于传统社会良性治理机制的断裂速度,将传统的伦理资源转化为现代社区治理的社会资源,以礼治村与以法治村相辅同向而行,有助于构建新时代文明礼治的乡村社会共同体。