注意和工作记忆提取对变化盲视的影响

变化盲视是指观察者不能探测到视觉情境中明显的变化。本研究采用线索提示范式考察了注意和工作记忆提取对变化盲视的影响。结果发现,前置有效线索虽然不能缩短变化探测的时间,但可以降低变化盲视发生的概率,而后置有效线索既不能缩短变化探测的时间,也不能降低变化盲视的发生概率。结论表明,注意对变化盲视有显著影响,但工作记忆提取对变化盲视的影响不显著。     

《老子》第十五章“蔽不新成”句辨析

老子第十五章"蔽不新成"一句,各版本之间存在差异:河上公本、王弼本、范应元本作"蔽(敝)不新成",傅奕本、帛书老子乙本作"敝而不成",而想尔本、景龙本、遂州本、李荣本、司马光本均作"弊而复成".对此,许多研究者认为,此句应为"弊而复成"或是"弊而新成".其理由如下:     

中国道教协会2009年第二次会长扩大会议在京召开

9月24日上午,国家宗教局王作安局长等一行来到中围道教协会,亲切看望慰问协会负责人并举行了座谈。中国道教协会会长任法融,副会长张继禹、黄信阳,副秘书长张立光、袁志鸿、孙同昌、冯正伟、李兆彩、王炳旸等出席了座谈会。     

伦理的视阈:从金融危机看"经济人"的偏执及其危机

金融危机背后所隐藏的是"经济人"的偏执及其危机,它的突出表现是工具理性的无限扩张和对"自由"的扭曲与滥用、对信用的漠视和践踏.新自由主义的市场意识形态及其极端数理化的倾向,是金融危机的始作俑者.它极大地增强了这种危机的严重性,同时也启示人们:人的发展才是经济发展和经济学研究的最高价值,为此,必须建立和发展一种新的经济价值观,强化制度伦理的建设.     

老庄是否具有仁道观?

仁义是儒家思想体系的基本纲领和核心范畴,从表面上看,老庄反对仁义,但事实上,老庄反对的只是有名无实、流于形式的仁义,反对将仁义作为谋利的工具,而追求超越血缘关系、不分亲疏、无所偏爱的"至仁"。与儒家相比,老庄的仁道观更有很多超越之处。     

改革开放30年来道德教育发展特点概述

社会主义道德建设的过程也是道德教育发展的过程。30年来,随着改革开放的推进和中国社会的发展变化,道德教育的发展也呈现出与时代步伐共同演进的特点:逐渐形成从运动式的道德教育到形成规范的道德教育体系;坚持爱国主义教育为道德教育的主线;从社会道德教育到个人品德教育与社会道德教育相统一;道德教育从精英教育向公民教育转变;利用现代媒体和社会活动开展道德教育。     

Posttraining infusion of cholinergic drugs into the ventral subiculum modulated memory in an inhibitory avoidance task: Interaction with the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis

The ventral subiculum (vSUB), a hippocampal efferent target implicated in learning and stress coping, receives cholinergic input and sends glutamatergic output to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). This study examined the roles of vSUB muscarinic activation and its interaction with BNST N-methyl-d-aspartate and noradrenergic receptors in formation of aversive memory. Male Wistar rats with cannulae implanted into the vSUB or BNST were trained on a step-through inhibitory avoidance task. Shortly after training, they received cholinergic drugs infused into the vSUB and/or glutamatergic or noradrenergic drugs infused into the BNST. Results of the 1-day retention tests showed that intra-vSUB infusion of oxotremorine (0.01 μg) or scopolamine (0.3 or 3.0 μg) enhanced or impaired retention, respectively. Both effects were dose- and time-dependent, and 0.001 μg oxotremorine attenuated the amnesia induced by 3.0 μg scopolamine. The oxotremorine-induced memory enhancement was blocked by intra-BNST infusion of dl-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid or propranolol at a dose not affecting retention; the amnesia induced by scopolamine was blunted by intra-BNST infusion of glutamate or norepinephrine at a dose with a negligible effect on retention. These data suggest that in an inhibitory avoidance task muscarinic activation of the vSUB modulated memory formation by interacting with the BNST glutamatergic and noradrenergic functions.     

Student interracial interactions and perceptions of school as a community

Communally organized, as opposed to bureaucratically organized, schools are expected to provide significant advantages to students in terms of their cognitive and social growth. However, for students to avail themselves of these benefits, they need to experience school as a community. One factor that may influence whether students view their school as a functional community is the kind of teacher–student and peer interactions they observe or personally experience. This study examines the effects of positive and negative interracial interactions on whether students sense that their school is a community. Analysis of a large sample of elementary and secondary schools in a major urban school district show that positive interracial interactions contribute to students’ sense of school community while negative actions inhibit that sense.

‘Peace in a Thatched Hut—that is Happiness’: Subjective Wellbeing Among Peasants in Rural China

Existing research about subjective wellbeing (SWB) in China is confined to student and urban samples, even though 60% of the population reside in rural areas. It is reasonable to predict that there could be a rural-urban difference in SWB as there is a marked difference in objective (socio-economic) measures of wellbeing. The present study measured SWB within a sample of Chinese peasants living in a remote farming village. The results show that despite their relatively low socioeconomic conditions, the rural residents’ satisfaction levels were within the normative range for the Chinese population, and generally did not differ significantly from a previously published study in an affluent Chinese region (Hong Kong). In-depth interviews with participants revealed that the lower living conditions in the rural area are not adverse to drive SWB below the normative range.

Validation of the Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ) in Taiwanese Undergraduate Students

The aim of this study was to translate and validate the Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ; McCullough et al. 2002) using Taiwanese undergraduate students. A total of 608 college students (M _age = 20.19, SD = 2.08) were recruited for the current study and they completed the GQ, optimism, happiness, and big five personality questionnaires. Confirmation factor analysis indicated that a five item model was a better fit than the original six item model. Cross-validation also supported the modified Chinese version of the GQ. In addition, the Chinese version of the GQ was, as expected, positively correlated with optimism, happiness, agreeableness, and extraversion, which supported its construct validity. The Cronbach’s α was .80 for the Chinese version of the GQ, indicating satisfactory validity and reliability in a Taiwanese student sample. It was concluded that the Chinese version of the GQ would be useful for assessing individual differences in dispositional gratitude.