互联网对大学生社会性发展的影响

本研究对110名本科大学生的上网情况和他们在对他人的信任感、主观幸福感及社会疏离感三方面的社会性发展进行了测评,结果表明,对互联网的依赖显著影响了大学生的主观幸福感与社会疏离感,上网时间与对网络的依赖程度呈显著正相关。     

关于孔子梦见周公的几个问题

孔子梦见周公确有其事。宋儒认为此梦的原因是孔子早年志在推行周公之道 ,但对此梦的发生机制不甚清楚。孔子仍然受到梦魂观念的影响 ,实际认为此梦意味着周公之灵对他特别青睐和有所启示 ,并在内心里把它作为天命在身的重要根据。孔子梦见周公的历史意义 ,主要在于中国文化的传承 ,并在后世演变成文化传承的一个精神符号。     

Visual perception of surface wrinkles

To study the relationship between visual perception of magnitude of wrinkles and geometrical parameters of surfaces, four potentially relevant parameters of the surface profile were considered: the variance (sigma2), the cutting frequency (Fc), the effective disparity curvature (Dce) of the wrinkled surface over the eyeball distance of the observer, and the frequency component of the disparity curvature (Dcf). Analysis of garment seams with varying amount of pucker showed that, while the logarithm for each of these four parameters has a strong linear relationship with the visually perceived magnitude of wrinkles, following the Fechner Law, the effective disparity curvature (Dce) and the frequency component of the disparity curvature (Dcf) with visual perception appeared stronger. This modeling may be an objective method for measuring magnitude of surface wrinkles.     

Cocaine exposure is associated with subtle compromises of infants' and mothers' social-emotional behavior and dyadic features of their interaction in the face-to-face still-face paradigm

Prenatal cocaine and opiate exposure are thought to subtly compromise social and emotional development. The authors observed a large sample of 236 cocaine-exposed and 459 nonexposed infants (49 were opiate exposed and 646 nonexposed) with their mothers in the face-to-face still-face paradigm. Infant and maternal behaviors were microanalytically coded. No opiate-exposure effects were detected. However, mothers of cocaine-exposed infants showed more negative engagement than other mothers. The cocaine-exposed dyads also showed higher overall levels of mismatched engagement states than other dyads, including more negative engagement when the infants were in states of neutral engagement. Infants exposed to heavier levels of cocaine showed more passive-withdrawn negative engagement and engaged in more negative affective matching with their mothers than other infants. Although effect sizes were small, cocaine exposure, especially heavy cocaine exposure, was associated with subtly negative interchanges, which may have a cumulative impact on infants' later development and their relationships with their mothers.     

Recognizing faces defined by texture gradients

Texture gradients can reveal surface orientation in a manner similar to shape from shading, and therefore provide an important cue for object recognition. In this study, we tested whether a complex 3-D object, such as a face, can be identified from texture gradients alone. The stimuli were laser-scanned faces for which the texture element was a fractal-noise pattern mapped onto the 3-D surface. An eight-alternative forced choice task was used in which participants matched a face defined by texture gradients to one of eight faces defined by shape from shading (Experiment 1) or by texture gradients (Experiment 2). On average, participants scored 24% and 18%, respectively, above chance in these experiments. Although this performance was much poorer than the performance based entirely on shape-from-shading stimuli (Experiment 3), the results suggest that texture gradient information may be used to recover surface geometry of complex objects.     

非政府组织参与的几个问题

中国传统社会是一个低参与的社会,民间组织处于被抑制状态。20世纪50年代以后,民间组织经历一个政治化的过程。改革开放以后,随着体制改革和社会利益的分化,非政府组织及其参与问题重新凸显于中国社会。非政府组织在环保、计划生育等低政治性领域发挥着较大的作用。非政府组织的行动与政府的互动,将推动中国政治从控制走向善治。     

自上而下注意控制的脑成像研究进展

自上而下的注意控制是调节人类各种认知活动的一种重要执行功能,本文从三个方面总结了该领域内脑成像研究的新进展：(1)自上而下注意控制的脑机制;(2)不同种类的注意控制脑机制的一致性;(3)自上而下的注意控制对其它皮层中神经活动的影响。     

中国背景下雇员主动离职模型的探索和验证研究

雇员主动离职研究持续多年,但是这些研究缺乏对过程变量的关注和整个离职模型的整合。本文在以往研究的基础上,针对以上不足,初步提出了中国背景下雇员主动离职模型,并通过实证研究对模型加以验证。模型为企业管理实践提供了一定的应用价值。