青少年学生焦虑敏感与睡眠质量的关系及其内在机制

采用中学生、大学生焦虑敏感问卷和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI),分别对1011名中学生和607名大学生进行调查。结果显示高焦虑敏感学生的PSQI总分显著高于低焦虑敏感学生,焦虑敏感及其三个因子与PSQI的相关都是中效应,焦虑敏感对青少年学生睡眠质量指数具有显著的正向预测作用,焦虑敏感水平越高,其睡眠质量越差。焦虑敏感可能以应激事件和健康问题作为致敏源,以焦虑等负性情绪作为敏感内容,在消极自动认知觉察与思维的介入下,进一步放大对有关负性情绪的感受与体验,从而影响青少年学生的睡眠质量。     

Temporal and spatial control following bilateral versus unilateral training

Principles of motor control and learning such as bilateral coordination and task-specificity, are increasingly incorporated in the design of upper extremity rehabilitation protocols for stroke survivors. Yet most studies investigating the efficacy of new protocols report composite scores of standardized tests, such as the Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity test (FM) and the Wolf Motor Arm Test, rather than determining how the motor control and coordination of arm movements has changed. Here we present a sub-study of a larger randomized controlled trial comparing a bilateral and unilateral training protocol where participants were assessed on bilateral and unilateral arm reaching. Eligible participants for the arm reaching analysis were 9 (FM=37) and 9 (FM=34) in Bilateral Arm Training with Rhythmic Auditory Cueing (BATRAC) and Dose Matched Therapeutic Exercises (DMTE), respectively. Participants undertook 18 sessions of training for 6 weeks with 20min of active training per session. For bilateral arm reaching, participants after BATRAC were faster, with increased peak acceleration, fewer movement units, and smoother hand paths for each arm. The BATRAC training group showed greater improvements with training than the DMTE group during bilateral reaching for parameters of movement units and smoothness of hand path. For unilateral arm reaching, participants were faster after DMTE for paretic arm reaching; however, this group did not improve to a greater extent than the BATRAC training group. Within group functional gains were seen after BATRAC on FM, Wolf Motor Arm Test (time and weight) and after DMTE on FM and Wolf Weight. There was a positive correlation between movement units and the time component of the Wolf Motor Arm Test. The reaching analysis demonstrates task-specificity in training since BATRAC improves performance in bilateral reaching and DMTE improves performance in unilateral reaching. Temporal/spatial control outcomes in studies of post-stroke interventions can identify functionally relevant motor control changes that are not captured by traditional standardized tests.     

Reliability and concurrent validation of the IPIP Big-Five factor markers in China: Consistencies in factor structure between Internet-obtained heterosexual and homosexual samples

Previous studies have suggested the cross-cultural generalizability of a 5-factor structure for personality traits. In this article, we analyzed the utility of 2 versions (100-item and 50-item) of the IPIP Big-Five factor markers in both heterosexual (N = 633) and homosexual (N = 437) samples in China. Factor analysis within versions showed that both versions of these IPIP measures showed clear 5-factor orthogonal structures that were nearly identical to the American structure in both subject samples. The reliabilities of the five factors were quite high except for the 50-item measure of Agreeableness. The part-whole correlations between the 100-item and 50-item factors were high, as were the factor congruence coefficients between the heterosexual and the homosexual samples. Both versions of the IPIP Big-Five factor markers were strongly correlated with the scales from the Big-Five Inventory (BFI: John, Donahue, & Kentle, 1991), thus providing some concurrent validation in a Chinese context.     

Do children transcend death? An examination of the terror management function of offspring

The concept of offspring provides a symbolic shield against the fear of death. The existential function of offspring was examined in two studies conducted in China employing real-life dependent measures. In Study 1, reminders of death through a word-completion task increased the disapproval of a birth-control policy in China. In Study 2, hospitalized patients generally preferred young family members more than other family members. Cancer patients showed this preference to a greater extent than non-cancer patients. Taken together, the findings showed that the death-anxiety-buffering function of offspring affects people's judgments and desires in real-life settings.     

Social representations of history and the legitimation of social inequality: the form and function of historical negation

Three studies examined the form and function of ideologies that negate (versus recognise) the historical basis of claims for reparation for past injustices. Historical negation (a) predicted opposition towards the resource‐specific aspects of social policy and (b) functioned as the mechanism though which majority group members high in a threat‐driven security‐cohesion motivation (indexed by right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA)) legitimated policy opposition in both undergraduate student (Study 1) and general population (Study 2) samples of the majority group (New Zealand Europeans/Pakeha). Study 3 experimentally manipulated historical negation in a general population sample using extracts adapted from political speeches, and demonstrated that historical negation increased opposition among liberal voters towards the resource‐specific aspects of bicultural policy. These results suggest that history serves an important symbolic function in mobilising support for public policies regarding intergroup relations because temporal continuity is central to claims of legitimacy, especially where resources are involved. Research in this area is important for any nation with a history of intergroup conflict, as it aids not only in understanding the form and function of historical narratives that legitimate social inequality, but also provides insight into the ways in which such discourses can be countered and re‐formulated in order to promote social equality. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Learning faces from photographs

Previous studies examining face learning have mostly used only a single exposure to 1 image of each of the faces to be learned. However, in daily life, faces are usually learned from multiple encounters. These 6 experiments examined the effects on face learning of repeated exposures to single or multiple images of a face. All experiments provided evidence for image-specific picture learning taking place over and above any invariant face learning, with recognition accuracy always highest for the image studied and performance falling across transformations between study and test images. The relative roles of pictorial and structural codes in mediating learning faces from photographs need to be reconsidered.     

《周易·无妄·六三》爻辞与古人的转移巫术

古人对《周易·无妄·六三》爻辞的注释是千人千面,他们所依据的爻位说首先就值得怀疑,之后的解说也没能把握爻义的本质。这则爻辞实际上反映的是古人转移巫术中的移祸巫术。     

论柳下惠的仁德及其现实价值

柳下惠是我国春秋前期一位著名的仁人,被孟子誉为“和圣”。柳下惠的仁德不仅是他个人修养而成,而且也是社会发展的必然。本文从柳下惠的刚正、柔和、使乙喜巧退齐师、“论祭爱居非政之宜”、以诚信救国等几个方面探讨其仁的高尚品格。“和圣”柳下惠的思想道德行为,可为我们今天和谐社会的构建提供有益的借鉴,其价值是常恒的。     

超越传统：动态进化心理学研究进展

立足于基本适应目标与决策原则的功能分析,致力于心理过程多维度的动态考察,动态进化心理学在坚持适应主义原则基础上,将基因与经验、环境同时纳入心理发展解释框架,更为彻底地贯彻了有机体与环境交互作用观,在一定程度上克服了传统进化心理学的局限。但由于忽略社会实践的作用,它所展示的更多的是生物学意义上的人的发展图景,对心理过程的动态分析亦难以挣脱形而上学的桎梏。     

道教思想及民间信仰对佛教疑伪经的影响

道教对中国民众的影响至深且远,它对中国化过程中的佛教疑伪经同样有着重要的影响,部分佛教疑伪经中融摄了道教的思想内容,形成了中国佛教疑伪经经典.此外,有的疑伪经还吸收了一些民间信仰的思想,演变成不同于印度佛教的新的信仰内容,这些融合有中国道教、民间信仰的疑伪经经典为佛教在中国的进一步发展提供了便利条件.