Social representations of history and the legitimation of social inequality: the form and function of historical negation

Three studies examined the form and function of ideologies that negate (versus recognise) the historical basis of claims for reparation for past injustices. Historical negation (a) predicted opposition towards the resource‐specific aspects of social policy and (b) functioned as the mechanism though which majority group members high in a threat‐driven security‐cohesion motivation (indexed by right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA)) legitimated policy opposition in both undergraduate student (Study 1) and general population (Study 2) samples of the majority group (New Zealand Europeans/Pakeha). Study 3 experimentally manipulated historical negation in a general population sample using extracts adapted from political speeches, and demonstrated that historical negation increased opposition among liberal voters towards the resource‐specific aspects of bicultural policy. These results suggest that history serves an important symbolic function in mobilising support for public policies regarding intergroup relations because temporal continuity is central to claims of legitimacy, especially where resources are involved. Research in this area is important for any nation with a history of intergroup conflict, as it aids not only in understanding the form and function of historical narratives that legitimate social inequality, but also provides insight into the ways in which such discourses can be countered and re‐formulated in order to promote social equality. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Learning faces from photographs

Previous studies examining face learning have mostly used only a single exposure to 1 image of each of the faces to be learned. However, in daily life, faces are usually learned from multiple encounters. These 6 experiments examined the effects on face learning of repeated exposures to single or multiple images of a face. All experiments provided evidence for image-specific picture learning taking place over and above any invariant face learning, with recognition accuracy always highest for the image studied and performance falling across transformations between study and test images. The relative roles of pictorial and structural codes in mediating learning faces from photographs need to be reconsidered.     

子宫内膜干细胞与子宫内膜异位症的治疗

子宫内膜异位症（EMs）是妇科最常见的疾病之一,引起痛经、月经不调、不孕等,严重危害妇女的身心健康,影响患者生活质量。其发病率逐年升高,发病机制不清,疗效差,一直是困扰妇科医生的难题之一。最近提出的子宫内膜干细胞（SC）学说认为EMs起源于SC,EMs病灶的维持和发展是子宫内膜SC不断更新和分化的结果。因此,治疗的关键应是针对子宫内膜SC,通过靶向子宫内膜SC及其异常调节的信号转导通路来治疗EMs。这对传统的治疗方式提出了巨大的挑战,也为有效的根治EMs开辟了新的思路。     

幼儿看图叙述中心理状态术语的使用与错误信念理解关系的短期跟踪研究

摘 要：为探明汉语儿童看图叙述中心理状态术语的应用及与错误信念理解能力的关系,并追踪二者相互作用的方向,本研究以101名3-5岁儿童为研究对象,纵向探查了前后相隔3个月的儿童看图叙述中心理状态术语使用情况和错误信念能力的发展状况,并从横向和纵向两个时间点分别探讨了心理状态术语的运用与错误信念理解的关系。结果表明：3-5岁儿童错误信念理解能力快速发展;儿童看图叙述中使用较多的愿望术语和情绪术语,信念术语应用相对较少,且认知词汇类型较少。控制了一般语言能力和年龄之后,仅在第一次测验上,情绪术语、信念术语仍然与同期及后期错误信念理解能力存在显著相关。     

《周易·无妄·六三》爻辞与古人的转移巫术

古人对《周易·无妄·六三》爻辞的注释是千人千面,他们所依据的爻位说首先就值得怀疑,之后的解说也没能把握爻义的本质。这则爻辞实际上反映的是古人转移巫术中的移祸巫术。     

试论《管子》对法的渊源的探索

《管子》作为“齐法家”思想的重要著作,其中的法家思想融进了当时多家学说对法的认识,反映了齐国变法时期的政治实践以及战国时期法律思想发展的特点,在我国法律思想发展史上具有重要的历史地位。它对法的渊源的探索,开辟了思想融合的趋势,这种思想上的包容精神影响了我国后世许多重要文化和国家治理思想的形成。     

论柳下惠的仁德及其现实价值

柳下惠是我国春秋前期一位著名的仁人,被孟子誉为“和圣”。柳下惠的仁德不仅是他个人修养而成,而且也是社会发展的必然。本文从柳下惠的刚正、柔和、使乙喜巧退齐师、“论祭爱居非政之宜”、以诚信救国等几个方面探讨其仁的高尚品格。“和圣”柳下惠的思想道德行为,可为我们今天和谐社会的构建提供有益的借鉴,其价值是常恒的。     

超越传统：动态进化心理学研究进展

立足于基本适应目标与决策原则的功能分析,致力于心理过程多维度的动态考察,动态进化心理学在坚持适应主义原则基础上,将基因与经验、环境同时纳入心理发展解释框架,更为彻底地贯彻了有机体与环境交互作用观,在一定程度上克服了传统进化心理学的局限。但由于忽略社会实践的作用,它所展示的更多的是生物学意义上的人的发展图景,对心理过程的动态分析亦难以挣脱形而上学的桎梏。     

广东省城乡初中生元认知水平比较研究

研究采用自编问卷和访谈法对城乡初中生进行元认知水平的对比研究,结果表明：1）城乡初中生元认知水平总体差异显著,农村初中生的元认知水平总体低于城市初中生的元认知水平。2）城乡初中生在认知前元认知体验和认知中元认知知识维度上差异显著。认知前元认知知识、认知中元认知体验、认知后元认知知识、认知后元认知体验之间无显著性差异。建议加强教师和学生元认知训练,提高学生元认知水平。     

道教思想及民间信仰对佛教疑伪经的影响

道教对中国民众的影响至深且远,它对中国化过程中的佛教疑伪经同样有着重要的影响,部分佛教疑伪经中融摄了道教的思想内容,形成了中国佛教疑伪经经典.此外,有的疑伪经还吸收了一些民间信仰的思想,演变成不同于印度佛教的新的信仰内容,这些融合有中国道教、民间信仰的疑伪经经典为佛教在中国的进一步发展提供了便利条件.