中国背景下雇员主动离职模型的探索和验证研究

雇员主动离职研究持续多年,但是这些研究缺乏对过程变量的关注和整个离职模型的整合。本文在以往研究的基础上,针对以上不足,初步提出了中国背景下雇员主动离职模型,并通过实证研究对模型加以验证。模型为企业管理实践提供了一定的应用价值。     

心理旋转研究的新进展

心理旋转是一种空间表征转换形式,也是认知心理学家关注的热点问题。文章结合实证研究,分析了心理旋转加工的大脑机能一侧化问题,阐释了心理旋转能力的个体差异性,探讨了基于心理旋转能力可塑性的提高空问智能的有效途径。并在此基础上．对未来心理旋转领域的研究加以展望。     

杂谈出家人

去年阳春三月我去杭州,见香客蜂拥,更多于往年。交通堵塞,车行缓慢,不禁感慨系之。假如佛祖菩萨果然大慈大悲,而且法力无边,那么,就把幸福普遍赐予人们,又何必让大家辛苦奔波,非要到寺院进香不可呢!然而这大约只是我这样不信佛者的意见。在香客们看来,他们大约只有朝寺进香,亲自向佛祖菩萨礼拜之后,佛祖菩萨才能应允实现他们的愿望。信仰不同,想法各异,行动自然也就两样。我只是不知道他们中间多少是虔诚的信仰者,多少是临时抱佛脚的功利主义者。说到虔诚信仰,使我进一步想到了出家人。在中国,出家人是信仰宗教的代名词。其实,出家人固然是…     

视觉归纳概括的加工机制与策略

给22名被试呈现若干组在外形与纹路上变化的电池图片,要求指出何种类型的电池有电.结果发现,被试会快速觉察电池的共享特征并概括出一般性的结论.如若电池间无共享特征,被试则需较长时间才给出"无法概括"的反应.共享纹路时,被试在"共享-无干扰"条件下的反应明显快于 "共享- 有干扰"条件下的反应,体现出假设形成与验证的过程.共享特征为外形的反应时短于共享特征为纹路的反应时 ,这说明被试在任务中采用的是整体优先的加工策略.     

Collateral Reports and Cross-Informant Agreement about Adult Psychopathology in 14 Societies

To advance international mental health assessment, instruments that have been internationally validated are needed. To this end, we analyzed ratings from 14 societies on the Adult Behavior Checklist (ABCL), a collateral-report form parallel to the Adult Self-Report (ASR; Achenbach and Rescorla 2003) for ages 18 to 59. Both the ABCL and the ASR assess problems, personal strengths, and adaptive functioning. For a sample of 8322 see note below collaterals, we found strong consistency across societies regarding which ABCL problem items tended to obtain relatively low, medium, or high ratings. Most societal effect sizes (ESs) for problem scale scores were small to medium (< 13.9 %), but the ES for the ABCL Personal Strengths scale was 25 %. For most of the same participants (N = 8,302), we analyzed cross-informant agreement between self-reports on the ASR and collateral reports on the ABCL. Cross-informant correlations for problem scale scores averaged .47, with considerable societal variation. Problem score means were higher on the ASR than the ABCL in every society, but the size of the difference varied across societies. Mean item ratings on the ABCL and ASR were highly correlated within every society (mean r = .92), but within-dyad item rating agreement varied widely in every society (mean r = .39). In all societies, non-corroboration of self-reported deviance and of collateral-reported deviance was common. Overall findings indicated considerable similarity but also some important differences in collateral-reported problems and adaptive functioning across 14 societies.     

条件性推理测验：人格测验的新思路

条件性推理测验关注人们如何解决表面上看上去类似于传统归纳推理测验的问题,其真实目的是根据反应者是否将基于某种内隐偏差的解决方案视为合理的,进而评估反应者的人格倾向.有证据表明该方法可以有效防止自陈问卷的有意扭曲等相关问题,获得更可靠的结果.这种测评思路在成就动机和攻击性两个领域的研究中已经获得初步成效,测验的信度和效度都较为理想.然而也需指出,这一新思路尚处在发展中,还有一些问题如施测方法、测验构建和思路拓展等需作进一步探讨.     

家庭环境类型与青少年亲子冲突解决的关系

以北京829名普通中学生为被试.探讨了家庭环境类型与亲子冲突解决的关系.结果表明: (1)高亲密度、高情感表达、低矛盾性的家庭在亲子冲突解决的关系目标上的得分显著高于其它类型家庭;低亲密度、低表达性、高矛盾性的家庭在权力、公平、自认和自主目标上的得分显著高于其它类型家庭. (2)高亲密度、高表达性、低矛盾性的家庭更多使用积极的冲突解决策略;低亲密度、低表达性、高矛盾性的家庭更多使用消极的冲突解决策略.说明不同家庭环境类型下的青少年亲子冲突解决有不同的特点.