Ashley E. Hinten  Lisa G. Labuschagne  Hannah Boden  Damian Scarf 《Infant and child development》2018,27(4)

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Lisa Anderson-Shaw 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2018,18(9):W1-W2

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Lisa Hempenstall  Sean Hammond 《Journal of Investigative Psychology & Offender Profiling》2018,15(2):162-174

Crisis incidents are volatile situations that can pose significant risk to those involved and to law enforcement. The idiosyncratic conditions that lead to such incidents, as well as their volatility, often militate against consistent explanatory models. However, the application of overarching paradigms, such as the action systems model, has shown some promise in imposing order in the domain. Recent research has successfully differentiated crisis incidents into the four distinct modes of the action systems model: conservative, adaptive, integrative, and expressive. The purpose of this paper is to attempt to replicate this recent study using 242 cases from the United States, Ireland, Canada, and Sweden. Data analysis involves smallest space analyses and constrained multidimensional scaling. Although the results supported the underlying structure of original proposed behavioural model, there are a few deviances. These differences along with the potential influence of cultural variations, offence variable selection, the type of incident, and the sample under scrutiny are discussed. It is evident that there remain several challenges, and further research is required, prior to developing a unified framework.  相似文献   

    

Megan E. Roberts  Lisa Wagner  Saša Zorjan  Enikö Nèmeth  Désie van Toor  Michał Czaplinski 《International journal of psychology》2017,52(4):264-272

The term situationism refers to an individual's belief about the importance of a behaviour's context. This study tested whether the degree of situationism expressed by individuals in various regions of Europe was consistent with self‐regulation and cross‐cultural theories. The English version of a Situationism Scale (measuring beliefs about the relation between the environment and one's own behaviour) was translated into five additional languages: Dutch, German, Hungarian, Italian and Slovenian. Young adults (N = 1106, M_Age = 22.9 years, 79% female) across Europe responded to one of the six language versions of the scale as part of a larger survey. Results indicated that: new language versions were psychometrically valid; there was a positive relation between situationism and the use of situation‐control strategies; and situationism was higher for individuals from regions that are Eastern European and relatively more interdependent, compared with individuals from regions that are Western European and relatively less interdependent. As the first evaluation of the Situationism Scale outside America, this study supports the Scale's validity and suggests not only may some effects of situationism be universal, but between‐ and within‐culture differences in situationism exist. Overall, when making judgments and decisions about the self, cultural background and individual differences in situationism may come into play.  相似文献   

    

Lisa M. Dinella  Juliana M. Claps  Gary W. Lewandowski Jr. 《The Journal of genetic psychology》2017,178(5):262-280

The goal of the present study was to identify whether children recognize the gender stereotypes prevalent within the increasingly popular princess, prince, and superhero characters. Interviews with 126 children from the northeast region of the Unites States (3–11 years old) indicated that children recognized the gender-typed personality traits of princesses, princes, and superheroes, with older children holding more gender-typed cognitions about the characters. Children's own-schemas (i.e., beliefs that apply to themselves) and superordinate schemas (i.e., include beliefs about others' preferences and behaviors) for the characters were mostly gender typed and congruent. Older children gender-typed princesses as for girls more than younger children, whereas older children considered superheroes to be for boys and girls more than younger children did. Older children also considered the characters to be for them less, potentially reducing the negative implications of exposure to gender-typed messages associated with the characters. Individual differences exist in children's perceptions of these fictional characters, with children's own androgyny being positively correlated with their perceptions of princesses' androgyny levels. Further, girls were more flexible in their stereotyping of princesses, noting they were “for girls and boys” more. The authors discuss the results' practical and theoretical implications.  相似文献   

    

Lisa Legault  Netta Weinstein  Jahlil Mitchell  Michael Inzlicht  Kristen Pyke  Afzal Upal 《Journal of personality》2017,85(5):687-701

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Petra Lindfors  Lisa Folkesson Hellstadius  Viveca Östberg 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2017,58(1):36-42

Measures of perceived stress have been criticized for theoretical inconsistency. However, the validated pressure activation stress scale has been suggested as a theoretically sound alternative. But it is unclear how pressure and activation stress relate to objective and subjective measures including commonly used aggregate cortisol measures and health complaints respectively. Specifically, this study aimed at investigating how pressure and activation stress were related to aggregate salivary cortisol measures and recurrent pain in mid‐adolescent girls and boys. Mid‐adolescents (119 girls and 56 boys) provided self‐reports in questionnaires on activation and pressure stress and recurrent pain (headache, stomach ache, neck/shoulder and back pain). Additionally, adolescents sampled saliva during an ordinary school day: (1) immediately at awakening; (2) 30 minutes after waking up; (3) 60 minutes after waking up, and (4) at 8 p.m. These samples were analyzed for cortisol. Hierarchical regressions showed no statistically significant associations between activation and pressure stress and cortisol, neither for girls nor for boys. However, activation and pressure stress were significantly associated with recurrent pain but only for girls. The findings may relate to subjective and objective measures reflecting distinct aspects of stress‐related functioning. However, the study participants included mid‐adolescents whose bodily systems are flexible and still relatively unaffected by the strain of their daily stress perceptions. To conclude, the non‐significant relationships between activation and pressure stress and commonly used aggregate measures of cortisol adds to the understanding of how perceived stress may relate to physiological functioning in the daily life of adolescents when using such aggregate measures.  相似文献   

    

Jamie Kwan  Margaret Jones  Lisa Hull  Simon Wessely  Nicola Fear  Deirdre MacManus 《Aggressive behavior》2017,43(3):273-280

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Lisa L. Repaskey  Jeanne Schumm  Jacqueline Johnson 《Reading Psychology》2017,38(8):808-847

This investigation focused on elementary-aged (first and fourth grade) children's individual preferences for narrative and expository text and perceptions of what their same-aged peers would like to read. Preferences and perceptions of text were examined through the lenses of social constructivist and engaged reading theories. The overall purpose of this study was to examine elementary students' preferences for and perceptions about narrative and expository text. This study was a systematic replication and extension of Chapman, Filipenko, McTavish, and Shapiro's (2007) research in British Columbia with first graders. Two individually administered book preference (Open and Closed) tasks and interviews were administered to 84 students. Findings revealed gender and grade level profiles in terms of preferences, perceptions, and rationales for their book choices. As expected, both first and fourth grade boys demonstrated a strong preference for expository text, however, the fourth grade boys also showed a growing preference for narrative text as well. In contrast, both first and fourth grade girls demonstrated a strong preference for both narrative and expository text. For both boys and girls, book topic and pictures/illustrations were the two top categories that drew the children's interest and resulted in the most conversations. Results are discussed in light of implications for instruction, assessment, and future research.  相似文献   

    

Kenneth L. Cox MD  MPH  Matthew K. Nock PhD  Quinn M. Biggs PhD  MPH  Jennifer Bornemann MSSW  Lisa J. Colpe PhD  MPH  Catherine L. Dempsey PhD  MPH  Steven G. Heeringa PhD  James E. McCarroll PhD  MPH  Tsz Hin Ng MPH  Michael Schoenbaum PhD  Robert J. Ursano MD  Bailey G. Zhang MS  David M. Benedek MD  the Army STARRS Collaborators 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2017,47(3):257-265

Debate continues about the accuracy of military suicide reporting due to concerns that some suicides may be classified as accidents to minimize stigma and ensure survivor benefits. We systematically reviewed records for 998 active duty Army deaths (510 suicides; 488 accident, homicide, and undetermined deaths; 2005‐2009) and, using research criteria, reclassified 8.2% of the nonsuicide cases to definite suicide (1), suicide probable (4), or suicide possible (35). The reclassification rate to definite suicide was only 0.2% (1/488). This low rate suggests that flagrant misclassification of Army deaths is uncommon and surveillance reports likely reflect the “true” population of Army suicides.  相似文献