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941.
The authors investigated how individual factors (age, gender, gender role, past experiences of sexual harassment) and organizational factors (gender ratio, sexual harassment policies, the role of employers) related to workers' attitudes toward and perceptions of sexual harassment. In Study 1, participants were 176 workers from a large, white-collar organization. In Study 2, participants were 75 workers from a smaller, blue-collar organization. Individuals from Study 2 experienced more sexual harassment, were more tolerant of sexual harassment, and perceived less behavior as sexual harassment than did individuals from Study 1. For both samples, organizational and individual factors predicted workers' attitudes toward and experiences of sexual harassment. Individual factors-such as age, gender, gender role, past experiences of sexual harassment, and perceptions of management's tolerance of sexual harassment-predicted attitudes toward sexual harassment. Workers' attitudes, the behavioral context, and the gender of the victim and perpetrator predicted perceptions of sexual harassment. The authors discussed the broader implications of these findings and suggested recommendations for future research. 相似文献
942.
Testing a model of suicide ideation in college students 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study examined several risk factors-negative life events (NLE), hopelessness, and depressive symptoms-believed to commonly precipitate suicide ideation in college students. A total of 345 undergraduates participated in the study. Students completed four self-report questionnaires. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to construct a risk model of suicide ideation. This study confirmed depressive symptoms and hopelessness as predictors of suicide ideation in college students; however, NLE impacted suicidal thoughts through hopelessness and depressive symptoms. Interestingly, depressive symptoms exerted a stronger influence on suicide ideation than hopelessness. Hopelessness served as a partial mediator in the relationship between NLE and depressive symptoms; however, depressive symptoms fully mediated the relationship between NLE and hopelessness. Clinical implications for understanding suicide risk in college students are discussed. 相似文献
943.
Diedrich L 《The Journal of medical humanities》2005,26(4):237-257
In this essay, I analyze two memoirs--Rafael Campo's The Poetry of Healing: A Doctor's Education in Empathy, Identity, and Desire and Abraham Verghese's My Own Country: A Doctor's Story of a Town and Its People in the Age of AIDS--which describe the effects of treating HIV/AIDS on each doctor's identity, on his desire for community and belonging, and on his identification and/or disidentification with the medical profession in the United States. My readings of Campo and Verghese revolve around three key terms provided by Campo's subtitle: identity, empathy, and desire. I shift the order of these terms in Campo's subtitle because I want to read identity, empathy, and desire in Campo and Verghese through and along with the theoretical "pragmatics" of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari. 相似文献
944.
Genetic Evaluation and Counseling of Couples with Recurrent Miscarriage: Recommendations of the National Society of Genetic Counselors 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Laurino MY Bennett RL Saraiya DS Baumeister L Doyle DL Leppig K Pettersen B Resta R Shields L Uhrich S Varga EA Raskind WH 《Journal of genetic counseling》2005,14(3):165-181
The objective of this document is to provide recommendations for genetic evaluation and counseling of couples with recurrent miscarriage (RM). The recommendations are the opinions of the multidisciplinary Inherited Pregnancy Loss Working Group (IPLWG), with expertise in genetic counseling, medical genetics, maternal fetal medicine, internal medicine, infectious disease, cytogenetics, and coagulation disorders. The IPLWG defines RM as three or more clinically recognized consecutive or non-consecutive pregnancy losses occurring prior to fetal viability (<24 weeks gestation). These recommendations are provided to assist genetic counselors and other health care providers in clinical decision-making, as well as to promote consistency of patient care, guide the allocation of medical resources, and increase awareness of the psychosocial and cultural issues experienced by couples with RM. The IPLWG was convened with support from the March of Dimes Western Washington State Chapter and the University of Washington Division of Medical Genetics. The recommendations are U.S. Preventive Task Force Class III, and are based on clinical experiences, review of pertinent English-language published articles, and reports of expert committees. This document reviews the suspected causes of RM, provides indications for genetic evaluation and testing, addresses psychosocial and cultural considerations, and provides professional and patient resources. These recommendations should not be construed as dictating an exclusive course of medical management, nor does the use of such recommendations guarantee a particular outcome. The professional judgment of a health care provider, familiar with the circumstances of a specific case, should always supersede these recommendations. 相似文献
945.
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is primarily due to a repeat expansion mutation found in the FMR1 X-linked gene. We have conducted a qualitative analysis of responses from women concerning their attitudes toward testing
for carrier status of the fragile X mutation among reproductive-age women. We obtained responses from focus groups including
women with and without FXS in their families. We found the following themes: (1) mothers of children with FXS have difficulty
formulating their opinions on population screening because of their unique experiences surrounding their own carrier diagnosis
and their relationship with their children with FXS, (2) the motivation for carrier testing and need for information differ
by family history of FXS and parental status, and (3) the timing of carrier testing with respect to a woman’s life stage dictates
whether carrier information will be viewed as beneficial or detrimental. There was evidence that non-carrier women from the
general population would be wholly unprepared for positive carrier results. These findings have significant implications for
genetic counseling as well as for population screening. 相似文献
946.
Jill A. Stoddard Kamila S. White Nicholas A. Covino Lisa Strauss 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2005,12(2):99-110
Patients anticipating surgical procedures experience significant anxiety, resulting in adverse outcomes and increased expenditures. Research has investigated the impact of anxiety-reducing interventions, frequently the provision of surgical information, with inconsistent results. The present study (N = 98) examined preference for information, or monitor-blunter coping style, and the impact of a pre-surgical phone call from an anesthesiologist on anxiety in which treatment group participants (n = 51) dictated the amount of information received. Monitors were hypothesized to desire more information than blunters, and changes in anxiety for monitors/blunters were hypothesized to be moderated by length of call. Monitors and blunters demonstrated equal call durations and anxiety levels remained equivalent across groups. Findings and implications for future research are discussed. 相似文献
947.
Siwicki KK Riccio P Ladewski L Marcillac F Dartevelle L Cross SA Ferveur JF 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2005,12(6):636-645
Courtship conditioning is an associative learning paradigm in Drosophila melanogaster, wherein male courtship behavior is modified by experience with unreceptive, previously mated females. While the training experience with mated females involves multiple sensory and behavioral interactions, we hypothesized that female cuticular hydrocarbons function as a specific chemosensory conditioned stimulus in this learning paradigm. The effects of training with mated females were determined in courtship tests with either wild-type virgin females as courtship targets, or with target flies of different genotypes that express distinct cuticular hydrocarbon (CH) profiles. Results of tests with female targets that lacked the normal CH profile, and with male targets that expressed typically female CH profiles, indicated that components of this CH profile are both necessary and sufficient cues to elicit the effects of conditioning. Results with additional targets indicated that the female-specific 7,11-dienes, which induce naive males to court, are not essential components of the conditioned stimulus. Rather, the learned response was significantly correlated with the levels of 9-pentacosene (9-P), a compound found in both males and females of many Drosophila strains and species. Adding 9-P to target flies showed that it stimulates courting males to attempt to copulate, and confirmed its role as a component of the conditioned stimulus by demonstrating dose-dependent increases in the expression of the learned response. Thus, 9-P can contribute significantly to the conditioned suppression of male courtship toward targets that express this pheromone. 相似文献
948.
Constantine MG Alleyne VL Caldwell LD McRae MB Suzuki LA 《Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology》2005,11(4):293-308
This study examined mechanisms for coping with adversity in a sample of 24 Asian, Black, and Latino/Latina residents of New York City following the September 11, 2001 World Trade Center (WTC) terrorist attacks. Using consensual qualitative research methodology (C. E. Hill, B. J. Thompson, & E. N. Williams, 1997), the authors identified 7 broad coping domains used by the participants: (a) sought additional information about the WTC tragedy, (b) expressed a range of emotions, (c) sought or gave support, (d) engaged in religious or spiritual activities, (e) avoidance, (f) forbearance, and (g) used indigenous healing techniques. Although there were similarities across racial or cultural groups and genders with regard to the coping responses used, there also were unique coping strategies by racial or cultural background and gender. 相似文献
949.
Routine animal husbandry variables, such as group housing of mice and the order of testing of cagemates, are currently viewed
to be essentially neutral with respect to the outcome of most, if not all, animal-based experiments, including those that
utilize behavioral measurements. During the course of experiments that have utilized the elevated plus-maze to examine the
ability of a bacterial challenge of mice to induce anxiety-like behavior, due to the activation of various cytokine pathways,
we followed the recommendation of laboratory animal care staff to house the mice in pairs. When we tested the members of the
pairs successively, it was found, for the first experimental set, that the behavior that reflects anxiety (time in closed
arms) of the first-tested animal differed from that of the second-tested animal for both the experimental and the control
animals and, critically, that these changes were in the opposite directions for the controls and the experimental animals,
thus obscuring the effect of the experimental manipulation. A second, independent experimental set also obtained a significant
effect for the order of testing effect in the bacterial-challenged group, but not in the saline control group, although a
similar trend was evident in this group as well. These results indicate that special care should to be taken in implementing
housing recommendations and that preliminary tests may be necessary to ensure that housing conditions do not interact with
tests of the phenomenon under experimental investigation. 相似文献
950.