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981.
Daniel Martin Varisco 《Contemporary Islam》2010,4(1):157-177
In the past two decades a virtual Ummah has evolved in cyberspace. While some of these websites are targeted specifically
at Muslims, others attempt to provide outreach on Islam or counter Islamophobic bias. As noted by Jon Anderson, in his pioneering
work on Islam in cyberspace, Muslims were among the first engineering students to create websites at the dawn of the Internet,
before mainstream Islamic organizations posted official websites. There is a wealth of material by Muslims in English and
Western languages, some of it archived for research. This article explores the methodological problems posed in studying the
range of Islam-content blogs, from private individuals to religious scholars, as well as Muslim websites that feature comments
from readers. The focus of the paper is an analysis of blogs about Islam or by Muslims that either act as watchdogs on the
media or try to provide alternative views to the mainstream media of competing Muslim groups. Researching these blogs as a
form of e-ethnography calls for a rethinking and refining of anthropological methodology as e-ethnography. 相似文献
982.
Wylie Eng Sarah Moore Leon Grunberg Edward Greenberg Pat Sikora 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2010,29(2):104-120
The current study examined how work support resources and working from home influenced forms of work-family conflict (WFC)
in employees at a large corporation. Scales measuring employee’s general WFC, time-based WFC, and strain-based WFC were used
to evaluate the extent to which employees experienced work-induced conflict at home. Two forms of working at home were assessed,
days worked at home and extra hours worked at home, and five variables measured the extent of one’s support resources: work
social support, organizational support, individual consideration from one’s manager, idealized influence from one’s manager
and contingent reward from one’s manager. We predicted that days worked at home would be negatively related to the three forms
of WFC, while the extra hours worked at home would be positively related. Moreover, we hypothesized that the five support
variables would moderate the relationship between extra hours worked at home and the types of WFC. The data supported some
of the predictions, and the implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
983.
The transition to parenthood is a substantial challenge for many couples, and the extent to which the partners can support
each other and their relationship is strongly related to the sensitivity and responsiveness of their parenting of their infant.
This paper critically analyses the links between the couple relationship and parenting of infants and reviews the research
evaluating couple psychoeducation (CP) to assist couples’ parenting of their infant. It is concluded that CP has considerable
potential to enhance couples’ adaptation to parenthood and enhance the sensitivity and responsiveness of parenting of new
infants. 相似文献
984.
In this commentary, I argue that although emotion regulation and its role in psychopathology has been the focus of considerable
psychological research with both children and adults, fundamental questions remain about how these phenomena are linked. I
pose four challenges to the study of emotion regulation and psychopathology that have yet to be fully met, either empirically
or conceptually. I note that a multi-level developmental approach that places emotion regulation within the context of both
the larger self-regulatory system and the social relationships within which regulation occurs may be useful in understanding
the emergence and maintenance of early behavioral patterns that evolve into disorders of psychological functioning. 相似文献
985.
Collette P. Eccleston Joshua M. Smyth Leonard M. Lopoo 《Social Psychology of Education》2010,13(1):1-18
Considerable evidence indicates that African American students achieve less academically than European American students.
Yet, African American students hold more positive self-views than their European American counterparts. Previous studies that
address these seemingly paradoxical findings focus on students in a relatively narrow age range and/or convenience samples.
Therefore, the current study examines two common explanations for these seemingly paradoxical findings, among a large and
diverse sample of African American and European American students (N = 1, 493) from elementary to post-secondary school and across the socioeconomic spectrum. Results indicate that among a diverse
group of students and conceptualized in two different ways, African American students do not devalue academics. However, African
American students are more likely than European American students to discount academic feedback. 相似文献
986.
Previous research suggests that synchronous cortical gamma-band oscillations reflect the implementation of cognitive control
in anticipation of the need to overcome prepotent responses. These studies often require participants to link task instructions
with task cues signaling the need (or lack thereof) for cognitive control. Thus, the oscillatory response elicited by these
cues may also reflect the implementation of explicit task instructions. The aim of this research was to determine whether
gamma-band oscillations would also be increased in preparation for cognitive control when the need for that control was only
made implicitly available to the participant. Using a task-ambiguous cue to indicate the position of a subsequent probe stimulus,
we manipulated the need for cognitive control by varying the probability of high- and low-control probes appearing in each
of two positions. Results show that participants developed the anticipated expectancies regarding probe identity in the two
positions and that the anticipation of a high-control probe was associated with an increase in the power of induced cortical
gamma band over frontal scalp recording sites. 相似文献
987.
988.
We investigated the role of vision in tactile enumeration within and outside the subitizing range. Congenitally blind and
sighted (blindfolded) participants were asked to enumerate quickly and accurately the number of fingers stimulated. Both groups
of participants enumerated one to three fingers quickly and accurately but were much slower and less accurate with four to
nine fingers. Within the subitizing range, blind participants performed no differently from both sighted (blindfolded) and
sighted-seeing participants. Outside of the subitizing range, blind and sighted-seeing participants showed better performance
than did sighted-blindfolded participants, suggesting that lack of access to the predominant sensory modality does affect
performance. Together, these findings further support the claim that subitizing is a general perceptual mechanism and demonstrate
that vision is not necessary for the development of the subitizing mechanism. 相似文献
989.
Matthew J. Sharps Elaine Newborg Stephanie Van Arsdall Jordan DeRuiter Bill Hayward Brianna Alcantar 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2010,29(4):320-327
Many people who report paranormal sightings (e.g., Bigfoot and UFO aliens) are apparently sincere. This places many such sightings
in the category of eyewitness errors, rather than of deliberate deception. Recent research has supported this idea; in an
earlier paper, we demonstrated that paranormal beliefs are facilitated by tendencies toward attention deficit hyperactive
disorder, dissociation, and depression. These characteristics predicted specific patterns of beliefs in several paranormal
phenomena. The present research addressed the question of whether such psychological tendencies would tend to create bias
in perception and interpretation as well as in belief- in whether a person’s identification of a given stimulus as paranormal
in nature would be influenced by the same factors previously demonstrated to influence paranormal beliefs. This hypothesis
was supported. Specifically, those with dissociative tendencies were significantly more likely to identify given stimulus
items as paranormal in nature than were those with lower dissociation scores. Dissociation was further shown to be related
to paranormal beliefs, consistent with earlier findings. Results are discussed in terms of the reconfigurative dynamics known
to operate in areas of human cognition such as eyewitness identification, and in terms of the generality of those effects
to the realm of paranormal sightings. 相似文献
990.
Tako A. Horsley Bram Orobio de Castro Menno Van der Schoot 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(5):587-599
Acording to social information processing theories, aggressive children are hypersensitive to cues of hostility and threat
in other people’s behavior. However, even though there is ample evidence that aggressive children over-interpret others’ behaviors
as hostile, it is unclear whether this hostile attribution tendency does actually result from overattending to hostile and
threatening cues. Since encoding is posited to consist of rapid automatic processes, it is hard to assess with the selfreport
measures that have been used so far. Therefore, we used a novel approach to investigate visual encoding of social information.
The eye movements of thirty 10–13 year old children with lower levels and thirty children with higher levels of aggressive
behavior were monitored in real time with an eyetracker, as the children viewed ten different cartoon series of ambiguous
provocation situations. In addition, participants answered questions concerning encoding and interpretation. Aggressive children
did not attend more to hostile cues, nor attend less to non-hostile cues than non-aggressive children. Contrary, aggressive
children looked longer at non-hostile cues, but nonetheless attributed more hostile intent than their non-aggressive peers.
These findings contradict the traditional bottom-up processing hypotheses that aggressive behavior would be related with failure
to attend to non-hostile cues. The findings seem best explained by topdown information processing, where aggressive children’s
pre-existing hostile intent schemata (1) direct attention towards schema inconsistent non-hostile cues, (2) prevent further
processing and recall of such schema-inconsistent information, and (3) lead to hostile intent attribution and aggressive responding,
disregarding the schema-inconsistent non-hostile information. 相似文献