Scope Processing in Chinese

The standard view maintains that quantifier scope interpretation results from an interaction between different modules: the syntax, the semantics as well as the pragmatics. Thus, by examining the mechanism of quantifier scope interpretation, we will certainly gain some insight into how these different modules interact with one another. To observe it, two experiments, an offline judgment task and an eye-tracking experiment, were conducted to investigate the interpretation of doubly quantified sentences in Chinese, like Mei-ge qiangdao dou qiang-le yi-ge yinhang (Every robber robbed a bank). According to current literature, doubly quantified sentences in Chinese like the above are unambiguous, which can only be interpreted as ‘for every robber x, there is a bank y, such that x robbed y–surface scope reading), contrary to their ambiguous English counterparts, which also allow the interpretation that ‘there is a bank y, such that for every robber x, x robbed y–inverse scope reading). Specifically, three questions were examined, that is, (i) What is the initial reading of doubly quantified sentences in Chinese? (ii) Whether inverse scope interpretation can be available if appropriate contexts are provided? (iii) What are the processing time courses engaged in quantifier scope interpretation? The results showed that (i) Initially, the language processor computes the surface scope representation and the inverse scope representation in parallel, thus, doubly quantified sentences in Chinese are ambiguous; (ii) The discourse information is not employed in initial processing of relative scope, it serves to evaluate the two representations in reanalysis; (iii) The lexical information of verbs affects their scope-taking patterns. We suggest that these findings provide evidence for the Modular Model, one of the major contenders in the literature on sentence processing.     

亚里士多德实践智慧思想及其复兴

亚里士多德的实践智慧(phronesis)概念是其阐释实践哲学的重要范畴,也是西方实践哲学发展的重要基点.这个概念在经过了N.马基雅维利和F.培根的改造之后其本真的内涵却被遮蔽了,甚至退化为计算与权术的代名词.但是,进入到现代之后,亚氏的实践智慧概念开始复兴.这实际上已经标识出实践智慧的普遍意义,而对此问题的研究也已关系到对整个传统哲学的理解以及对整个现代西方哲学的理性重建.本文以此为基点,在厘清亚氏实践智慧的本真内涵及其重要意义的同时,也进一步阐明现代哲学在此理路上所应具有的样态.     

汉语把字句认知表征图式的实验研究

本文利用词汇再认作业,对构成把字句空间位移图式的认知表征机制进行了实验研究,结果显示,被试对把字句中受事起点的再认反应时要长于非把字句,这表明读者在把字句空间位移图式在读者的认知过程中具有心理现实性,支持了空间位移图式理论对把字句句法语义的解释。     

正常老化对视觉早期注意的影响——来自ERP的证据

选择性注意能够作用于视觉信息加工的不同阶段。各个注意阶段均受到老化过程的影响,其中注意早期阶段的老化研究对于理解认知老化的发生机制有重要意义。本文系统地梳理了刺激前的注意预期阶段以及刺激后200 ms内的早期感知注意阶段的正常老年人和青年人ERP比较研究,以探讨正常老化对视觉早期注意的影响。现有证据表明,相对于青年人,正常老年人：(1)多个早期ERP注意效应(包括注意预期ADAN,早期空间注意N1,以及特征注意SP和SN)在潜伏期上都存在显著延迟;(2)在振幅上,不同ERP注意效应的老化表现存在差异：某些ERP成分(包括注意预期EDAN,以及早期空间注意P1)的注意效应没有明显减弱,而某些ERP成分(包括注意预期alpha,早期空间注意N1,以及特征注意SN)的注意效应受到老化调控;(3)一些注意效应(包括特征注意SP成分,以及客体注意P1和N1成分)的目标增强机制保留,而干扰抑制机制缺损。目前已有研究在老化对注意效应振幅的调控上还存在不一致,这可能与研究的信噪比、任务难度、注意机制分离以及老年人的个体差异有关。未来研究应考虑这些因素以更好地探究正常老化对视觉早期注意的影响。