Problem and method: The possibility of comparative study—using “Lun Liujia Yaozhi” as an example

On the basis of general characteristics, comparative studies can be restricted by cross-cultural comparison in a narrow sense. In this paper, I take “Chinese philosophy” as an example to investigate the current problems within comparative studies. However, it is possible to embark on comparative study. “Lun Liujia Yaozhi” 论六家要旨 (“Discussion on the Main Points of the Six Schools”) conducts a successful comparison, from which we can extract the comparative method of “Problem and Method,” and it points directly to the basic structure of survival activities, and furnishes the possibility for cross-cultural comparisons.     

Input Training Matters in L2 Syntactic Representation Entrenchment: Evidence from a Follow-Up ERP Study

Journal of Psycholinguistic Research - The usage-based theory highlights the important role of linguistic input in language acquisition, and assumes that syntactic representations could be...     

初中生核心自我评价在班级环境和学业压力之间的中介作用——性别的调节作用

为考察初中生的核心自我评价在班级环境和学业压力之间的中介作用及此作用在不同性别群体中的差异性,对北京市四所初中697名初一到初三的学生进行了班级地图量表、中学生学习压力问卷、核心自我评价量表的测查。结果表明：（1）总体班级环境不存在显著性别差异,但女生在学业自我决定上具有小效应量的显著优势,男生的学业压力显著高于女生,核心自我评价不存在显著性别差异;（2）班级环境中的师生关系和班级行为自控可以显著预测学业压力,两者共同解释学业压力12%的变异;（3）男生和女生的核心自我评价在班级环境和学业压力间均起完全中介作用;（4）女生群体中核心自我评价的中介作用显著高于男生群体,说明性别对此中介效应存在调节作用。最后对核心自我评价在班级环境和学业压力之间的中介机制及其对女生群体的重要意义等进行了讨论。     

高中生羞怯与学校适应:一个有调节的中介模型

目的:探讨羞怯对高中生学校适应的影响机制。方法:采用中学生羞怯量表、学校适应问卷、核心自我评价量表、自我关注量表对山东省1770名高中生进行调查。结果:①羞怯不仅能直接负向预测高中生的学校适应,还能通过核心自我评价进而影响其学校适应; ②自我关注在中介模型的后半路径起到调节作用。     

中国大学生心理健康筛查量表的编制

编制适合我国大学生的心理健康筛查工具具有重要意义。本研究首先通过文献分析、实际调研及专家研讨的方式构建出量表的三个筛查级别,22个维度指标,并据此发展出具体项目。再通过对890名普通大学生和67名正在接受咨询的临床大学生样本进行预试,对另810名大学生进行正式测试,以及多轮专家评估来检验和修订项目,最终形成中国大学生心理健康筛查量表。结果表明,中国大学生心理健康筛查量表的模型结构合理,拟合良好;量表各项目区分度良好,信度和效度符合心理测量学要求;咨询求助和未求助大学生在量表以及各维度上的得分均有显著差异。因此,该量表可作为中国大学生心理健康筛查的测量工具。     

A note on Type S/M errors in hypothesis testing

Motivated by the recent replication and reproducibility crisis, Gelman and Carlin (2014, Perspect. Psychol. Sci., 9, 641) advocated focusing on controlling for Type S/M errors, instead of the classic Type I/II errors, when conducting hypothesis testing. In this paper, we aim to fill several theoretical gaps in the methodology proposed by Gelman and Carlin (2014, Perspect. Psychol. Sci., 9, 641). In particular, we derive the closed-form expression for the expected Type M error, and study the mathematical properties of the probability of Type S error as well as the expected Type M error, such as monotonicity. We demonstrate the advantages of our results through numerical and empirical examples.     

Self-reported changes in subjective health and anthrax vaccination as reported by over 900 Persian Gulf War era veterans

A 1999 study of United Kingdom servicemembers by Unwin, et al. recently found significant relationships between anthrax and other vaccinations, reactions to those vaccines, and later health problems for male current or former active military Gulf War veterans. Likewise, in 2000 Steele and in 1998 Gilroy found possible adverse effects of vaccinations on Gulf War veterans. However, the role of such vaccinations remains controversial; more recent government reports continue to dispute the existence of any data that might reflect adversely on the role of vaccinations on the health of Gulf War veterans. To address this controversy, the current study assessed similar relationships for over 900 Reserve Component Gulf War Era veterans from Ohio and nearby states. Gulf War veterans were more likely to report poorer health than non-Gulf veterans. Female veterans were more likely to report mild or severe reactions to vaccines than male veterans. Those veterans who received anthrax vaccine reported more reactions to vaccines than those who did not receive anthrax vaccine. Declines in long-term subjective health were associated with receipt of anthrax vaccine by Gulf War veterans but not for those who did not deploy to the Gulf, although few of the latter received anthrax vaccine. Regardless of deployment status, veterans who reported more severe reactions to vaccines were more likely to report declines in subjective health. Female veterans reported poorer health during the Gulf War than did male veterans, but sex was not related to veterans' reports of subjective health at subsequent times. It is recommended that servicemembers who experience severe reactions to anthrax vaccine be medically reevaluated before receiving further anthrax vaccine and that careful follow-ups be conducted of those receiving the vaccine currently, in accordance with Nass's 1999 recommendations. We also recommend that safer alternatives to thimerosal (a mercury sodium salt, 50% mercury) be used to preserve all vaccines.     

高强迫症状个体对图片刺激的注意偏向

以往强迫症注意偏向研究呈现出不一致的结果。为探索研究结果的不一致性是否由于被试取样和刺激选择所导致,当前研究改用非临床强迫症状个体作为研究对象,采用图片作为刺激来引发被试的反应和脑电波的变化。研究采用2(高强迫症状组、低强迫症状组)×3(中性图片、一般威胁图片和强迫相关图片)的混合实验设计,因变量为反应时和相关的脑电成分,结果显示:高强迫症状组较低强迫症状组对强迫相关图片表现出了更大幅度的P2波幅的变化。从而可以推断出,高强迫症状个体对强迫相关图片表现出了明显的注意偏向,其成分为注意脱困,主要发生在早期自动化加工阶段。     

老挝世界文化遗产占巴塞瓦普寺

瓦普寺,是老挝最古老的宗教遗址之一,位于老挝南部湄公河沿岸的古都占巴塞,距离首都万象约670公里,距离南部重镇巴塞约50公里。小城巴塞位于湄公河畔,是个水陆交汇的重镇,从这里通往越南、柬埔寨和泰国都十分方便。从老挝的首都万象沿着贯穿老挝全境的13号公路坐长途大巴可以到达这个小城。     

Building Blocks of Psychology: on Remaking the Unkept Promises of Early Schools

The appeal and popularity of “building blocks”, i.e., simple and dissociable elements of behavior and experience, persists in psychological research. We begin our assessment of this research strategy with an historical review of structuralism (as espoused by E. B. Titchener) and behaviorism (espoused by J. B. Watson and B. F. Skinner), two movements that held the assumption in their attempts to provide a systematic and unified discipline. We point out the ways in which the elementism of the two schools selected, framed, and excluded topics of study. After the historical review, we turn to contemporary literature and highlight the persistence of research into building blocks and the associated framing and exclusions in psychological research. The assumption that complex categories of human psychology can be understood in terms of their elementary components and simplest forms seems indefensible. In specific cases, therefore, reliance on the assumption requires justification. Finally, we review alternative strategies that bypass the commitment to building blocks.