Visual properties and memorising scenes: Effects of image-space sparseness and uniformity

Previous studies have demonstrated that humans have a remarkable capacity to memorise a large number of scenes. The research on memorability has shown that memory performance can be predicted by the content of an image. We explored how remembering an image is affected by the image properties within the context of the reference set, including the extent to which it is different from its neighbours (image-space sparseness) and if it belongs to the same category as its neighbours (uniformity). We used a reference set of 2,048 scenes (64 categories), evaluated pairwise scene similarity using deep features from a pretrained convolutional neural network (CNN), and calculated the image-space sparseness and uniformity for each image. We ran three memory experiments, varying the memory workload with experiment length and colour/greyscale presentation. We measured the sensitivity and criterion value changes as a function of image-space sparseness and uniformity. Across all three experiments, we found separate effects of 1) sparseness on memory sensitivity, and 2) uniformity on the recognition criterion. People better remembered (and correctly rejected) images that were more separated from others. People tended to make more false alarms and fewer miss errors in images from categorically uniform portions of the image-space. We propose that both image-space properties affect human decisions when recognising images. Additionally, we found that colour presentation did not yield better memory performance over grayscale images.     

Executive turnover: the influence of dispersion and other pay system characteristics

Using tournament theory as a guiding theoretical framework, in this study, we assess the organizational implications of pay dispersion and other pay system characteristics on the likelihood of turnover among individual executives in organizational teams. Specifically, we estimate the effect of these pay system characteristics on executive turnover decisions. We use a multi-industry, multilevel data set composed of executives in publicly held firms to assess the effects of pay dispersion at the individual level. Consistent with previous findings, we find that pay dispersion is associated with an increased likelihood of executive turnover. In addition, we find that other pay characteristics also affect turnover, both directly and through a moderating effect on pay dispersion. Turnover is more likely when executives receive lower portions of overall top management team compensation and when they have more pay at risk. These conditions also moderate the relationship between pay dispersion and individual turnover decisions, as does receiving lower compensation relative to the market.     

Unequal Care,Unequal Work: Toward a more Comprehensive Understanding of Gender Inequality in Post-Reform Urban China

Sex Roles - Over the last four decades, as China has transitioned from a socialist centralized economy to a productivity-and-efficiency-oriented market economy, so too have the country’s...     

Multidimensional Self-Perception of Sexually Abused Girls: Factor Models and Differences Between Sexual Abuse and Comparison Groups

This study investigated the multiple dimensions of self-perception in a sample of sexually abused and nonabused comparison girls (n = 140), with particular attention to self-perception in the scholastic, social, athletic, physical (appearance), and behavioral conduct domains. First, this study examined whether the five dimensions of self-perception were psychologically discrete. Second, the relationships between the self-perception factors and childhood sexual abuse were investigated using structural equation modeling. The results supported the multidimensionality of self-perception and suggested the presence of two distinct second-order self-perception factors: academic- and social-self. While the sexually abused girls indicated less positive perception for the academic-self than the comparison group, the two groups did not differ regarding the social-self. The findings highlight the importance of a multidimensional approach to self-perception in assessing and treating sexually abused children.     

中国临床遗传学检测的伦理问题

遗传伦理问题是生命科学领域最具争议的问题之一.针对基因诊断的"知情权"、"优劣"胎儿的选择、基于人群的基因筛查、发病前及患病风险的基因检查、全基因组筛查以及植入前遗传诊断中所涉及的伦理前沿问题进行讨论.提出基因检测是否应该重申把伦理考虑放在第一位.     

问题的负向思维解决法

<正>向思维是常规的思维方法,大多数问题可通过正向思维解决,但一些问题正向思维无法解决,而负向思维是有效的,可成为正向思维的替补。本文研究了负向思维解决问题的原理和方法,提出了问题的负向作用加返向作用的负向思维解决法,为运用负向思维解决问题提供了理论依据和方法。     

回忆日本军国主义在茅山道院犯下的罪行

今年是世界反法西斯战争胜利60周年,也是中国人民抗战胜利60周年。60多年前,日本军国主义者野蛮侵略中国,被道家誉为“第一福地,第八洞天”的茅山道院也未能逃脱魔爪。1938年农历闰七月初八的傍晚,万恶的日寇初次来到茅山道院的元符万宁宫就大肆烧杀,先用燃烧弹将华丽而高大的三清殿和西斋道院的许多楼房焚烧,又将眼睛不好的守庙居士黎洪春(解放后曾任中国道协会长黎遇航先生的父亲)带走,日寇要他带路上大茅峰,这位出家人不肯助纣为虐,拒绝从命。残暴的日军哪里由他,拖着他走,当他被推拉到华阳洞旁时,恼羞成怒的日军再也没有了耐心,将他和沿…     

幼儿二级错误信念认知、亲社会行为与同伴接纳的关系

探讨了113名3~6岁儿童的二级错误信念认知、亲社会行为与同伴接纳之间的关系,结果表明：在总体上,儿童的亲社会行为是其同伴接纳的最佳预测变量;二级错误信念认知和亲社会行为对儿童同伴接纳的影响存在一定的年龄效应,二级错误信念认知是年幼组儿童同伴接纳的最佳预测变量,而亲社会行为则是年长组儿童同伴接纳的最佳预测变量。     

从词汇的角度看《撰集百缘经》的译者及成书年代

目前学术界对《撰集百缘经》的作者与成书年代看法不一,本文主要从文献与词汇的角度对《撰集百缘经》作一番考定。     

On additivity of duration reproduction functions

In the present paper properties of theoretical response functions in the duration reproduction task (drt) are studied. If the drt response is to be interpreted as the measure of a temporal duration elapsed in the past, the reproduction function (rf) must be additively measuring. The additivity property is defined for bivariate rfs, taking into account the delay between retention and reproduction. The requirement that an rf be additively measuring leads to a system of two functional equations, which are solved by (i) linear functions of time, or (ii) functions of the form yielded by the ‘dual klepsydra model’ of duration reproduction [Wackermann, J., & Ehm, W. (2006). The klepsydra model of internal time representation and time reproduction. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 239, 482-493]. This result supports the outstanding rôle of the ‘klepsydraic reproduction function’ (krf) in models of internal representation and reproduction of temporal durations.