科学假说在揭示嗅觉奥秘中的作用——解读2004年度诺贝尔医学奖

通过分析2004年诺贝尔医学奖的发现过程,揭示假说对科学研究的指导意义。只有勤观察,多思考,大胆假设,小心求证,才能揭示自然规律。     

An actor–partner interdependence model of employees’ and coworkers’ innovative behavior,psychological detachment,and strain reactions

In an extension of the existing paradigm on the benefits of innovative behavior for organizations, this study addresses the negative effects of innovative behavior. Guided by psychological detachment theory, we propose that both displaying innovative behavior and witnessing others’ innovative behavior make it difficult for workers to psychologically distance themselves from innovation matters, engendering strain reactions (e.g., sleep problems, hostility). Those with more proactive personalities may be more likely to experience these detachment difficulty problems after displaying or witnessing innovative behavior. To test these premises, we conducted two studies. In the pilot study (N = 104 employee–coworker dyads), we gathered both quantitative and qualitative data to show that innovative behavior predicts detachment difficulty above and beyond other job behaviors. In the main study, we collected data from 257 employee–coworker dyads over 5 weeks and analyzed them with an actor–partner interdependence model. The results are generally supportive, suggesting that further investigation of the unintended consequences of innovative behavior is warranted.     

Can a Supportive Workplace Impact Employee Resilience in a High Pressure Performance Environment? An Investigation of the Chinese Banking Industry

Resilience is one of the positive emotions that will enhance employees’ ability to cope in adverse conditions, such as work intensification, organisational change, and work stress. Despite growing research interest in the employee resilience area, there is limited knowledge of the process through which critical social support at workplaces, such as supportive leadership and co-worker support, affects employees’ ability to cope in challenging situations. This study, underpinned by the theory of conservation of resources and social cognitive theory, examines the role of supportive leadership and co-worker support in employee resilience, and how this may be moderated by work pressures in the context of the Chinese banking industry. Using a sample of 2,025 Chinese banking workers, we tested four hypotheses. Our findings demonstrate that supportive leadership and co-worker support are positively associated with employee resilience. High work pressure moderates the relationship between both supportive leadership and co-worker support and employee resilience, such that the relationship between these conditions is stronger when perceived performance pressure is high. Our study raises important implications for both the theoretical development of employee resilience and for management practices with respect to fostering employee resilience in organisations.     

患者和家属参与患者安全的概念演变及临床意义

运用Rodgers演化概念分析法对患者和家属参与患者安全概念的演化、替代术语和相关术语、前因变量、结果、概念属性、定义、典型案例进行分析。概念属性包含过程、行为及环境3个领域,4个重要特征分别为个性化、获取、投入及治疗联盟,其前因变量为患者的疾病、健康信息或护理协调的混乱、新政策号召的尝试。结果包括保障患者安全、减少医疗费用和确定最佳做法。澄清患者和家属参与患者安全的概念有助于提高医护人员对其的重视与了解,为临床的实践和研究提供参考和理论依据。

     

许丹和万慧法师的印度之行

<正>二十世纪上半叶中印文化交流中,1924年泰戈尔访华是个分水岭,之前去往印度的人非常之少。许丹(许季上)和万慧法师是这少数人中的翘楚。薛克翘先生在《中国印度文化交流史》一书中提到,1928年之前去过印度的中国人有曾圣提与许季上两人。许季上作为学者是1919年去的印度。许季上作为鲁迅在书信中经常提及的人物,其印度之行值得关注。需要补充的是,许季上去印度的时间不是1919年,而是1920年。他对当时政府出具的出国呈文及与国内朋友的书信署名都为"许丹"。1920年第7卷第12期的《教育公报》上,刊登     

Comparisons of the Interpersonal–Psychological Theory of Suicide Constructs Among Individuals Without Suicidality,Ideators, Planners,and Attempters

The Interpersonal–Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS) proposes that combinations of thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and acquired capability lead to suicide ideation, planning, and attempting. We compared individuals with and without suicidality on thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, and compared a combined group of planners and attempters to ideators on fearlessness about death (one component of acquired capability). Individuals with suicidality had higher thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness than individuals without suicidality. Planners and attempters did not have higher fearlessness about death than ideators. These findings partially support IPTS hypotheses. Assessing thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness may improve suicide risk determination.