时间词呈现形式对空间-时间相容性效应的影响

采用时间区分任务探讨不同刺激形式对于空间-时间相容性效应 (space–time compatibility effect,简称STC效应)的影响。实验一采用倒置时间词作为刺激,发现标准的STC效应,即对过去词,“左”反应更快;对将来词,“右”反应更快。实验二采用镜像反转时间词作为刺激,发现反转的STC效应,即对过去词,“右”反应更快;对将来词,“左”反应更快。这些结果表明刺激呈现形式可以影响STC效应,并进一步支持了书写习惯是这种效应的起源。     

进化心理学视角:童年环境、价值观影响绿色消费行为的实证研究

从进化心理学视角探究童年环境、成年人价值观和绿色消费的关系,为培养健康理性的消费行为提供有益启示。通过专项问卷调查收集1028个样本,运用方差分析、线性回归等进行实证分析。研究发现个体童年SES显著正向影响成年后的绿色消费行为,物质主义价值观在二者之间起显著中介效应;传统价值观显著正向影响绿色消费,且在物质主义影响绿色消费过程中起调节效应;绿色消费也会随着代际、教育程度、职业类型和当前SES的不同而呈现一定差异。     

Can orange colour facilitate the processing of happiness? An exploration study on happiness metaphor

Colour is a ubiquitous perceptual stimulus, and theoretical models of colour and psychological functioning posit that colour plays a key role in influencing the behaviour and mental function of a person. One investigation and two experiments investigated the colour metaphor representation of happiness concepts and the mapping mode of the colour metaphor of happiness concepts. A questionnaire was conducted to explore the relationship between colour preference and happiness. Study 2 shows that the identification of happiness words was facilitated more when words were viewed on an orange background than when viewed on a blue background. Study 3 further verifies the links of the connection between colour and happiness at the sentence level, and the orange-happiness facilitation effect was replicated. These results document a novel influence of colour on emotion recognition processes, where an orange background may facilitate the processing of the concept of happiness and provide support for conceptual metaphor theory and colour-in-context theory.     

Affective mediators of the relationship between trait emotional intelligence and life satisfaction in young adults

This study examined the affective mediators of the relationship between trait emotional intelligence and life satisfaction in young adults and the widespread or limited affective mediators between the different groups in demographic factors, e.g., gender, students and non-students, family conditions. Six hundred and twenty participants completed the Wong Law Emotional Intelligence Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale. Results using structural equation modeling showed that both positive affect and negative affect acted as mediators of the relationship between trait EI and life satisfaction and the indirect effect of trait EI on life satisfaction via positive affect was stronger than that via negative affect. Moreover, multi-group analyses found that the paths did not differ by gender and family conditions, but positive affect was more strongly associated with students’ life satisfaction, compared to non-students. Implications and limitations of the findings are discussed.     

Leader election outcomes as contextual moderators explaining the different frequencies of action-oriented terms and negation terms used in inaugural speeches of effective versus ineffective leaders and charismatic versus non-charismatic leaders: Evidence from 30 U.S. presidents

Psychologists have increasingly employed dictionary-based text analysis to examine the language of leadership, as leadership is embedded in a web of negotiated meanings and contextual factors. This research seeks to embed leaders’ rhetorical influence in leader–follower relationships and identify contextual factors that explain the different patterns of effective versus ineffective leaders’ and charismatic versus non-charismatic leaders’ uses of action-oriented terms and negation terms in their inaugural speeches. By analyzing data of 30 U.S. presidents’ inaugural addresses, presidential election outcomes, and leadership styles, I found that effective leaders used action-oriented terms more frequently in their inaugural speeches than ineffective leaders only when follower participation was low, whereas charismatic leaders used negation terms more frequently in their inaugural speeches than non-charismatic leaders only when follower endorsement was low. These findings suggest that effective leaders are attuned to action-related situational cues whereas charismatic leaders are attuned to value-related situational cues.     

Learning to avoid in older age

The dopamine hypothesis of aging suggests that a monotonic dopaminergic decline accounts for many of the changes found in cognitive aging. The authors tested 44 older adults with a probabilistic selection task sensitive to dopaminergic function and designed to assess relative biases to learn more from positive or negative feedback. Previous studies demonstrated that low levels of dopamine lead to avoidance of those choices that lead to negative outcomes, whereas high levels of dopamine result in an increased sensitivity to positive outcomes. In the current study, age had a significant effect on the bias to avoid negative outcomes: Older seniors showed an enhanced tendency to learn from negative compared with positive consequences of their decisions. Younger seniors failed to show this negative learning bias. Moreover, the enhanced probabilistic integration of negative outcomes in older seniors was accompanied by a reduction in trial-to-trial learning from positive outcomes, thought to rely on working memory. These findings are consistent with models positing multiple neural mechanisms that support probabilistic integration and trial-to-trial behavior, which may be differentially impacted by older age.     

高校及教育系统领导干部构念人格特质与岗位胜任性关系

提出构念人格特质概念,采用自编的《领导干部人格特质和岗位胜任性问卷》,对126名优秀高校领导干部和68名优秀教育行政部门领导干部进行意见征询,提取了对胜任高校领导岗位最有影响的30项构念人格特质,获得了上述30个项目的7个公共因素并分别命名为开拓与组织适应性、宜人与合作性、自信与进取性、责任与条理性、稳重与务实性、身心健康与理智性、自制与成熟性,从而揭示高校领导干部构念人格特质与岗位胜任性之间的关系.     

韦氏儿童智力量表的新进展

本文从内容、结构、功能各方面比较了韦氏儿童智力量表各个版本之间的差异,指出最新版的WISC-Ⅳ相对于之前各个版本在临床效用和诊断功能方面的优势.WISC-Ⅳ中国版今年即将完成常模制定工作并出版发行.     

青少年人际信任发展的影响因素研究述评

回顾10多年来国内外关于青少年人际信任发展的影响因素的研究进展,研究范围涉及到个体层面、人际交往层面、群体层面的诸多因素,并得到了一些发人思考的结论。研究表明较高水平的人际信任可以使青少年获得更大的发展空间,进而促进其健康发展。未来研究应在早期人际信任发展的作用上予以重视,在人际信任的心理机制上进行深入探讨,同时更要在干预研究上进一步加强。     

文化与人格关系研究综述

文化影响人格发展。在影响人格的因素中,普遍性因素与文化特殊性因素共存。文化的维度,有复杂性、紧密性、个体主义和集体主义等。许多文献提到在不同的文化中均出现大五人格。然而我们仍然需要谨慎,因为对普遍性的大多数研究并不包括文化特殊性的特质,也不研究那些与西方文化范例有绝对差异的样本。