智力与心理速度的关系研究述评

目前在智力研究领域出现了一种新的研究趋势,研究者开始关注心理计量学智力与认知或生理心理学变量的相关,考察的重点是心理速度,相应的测量指标主要有检测时（IT）、反应时、ERP或神经传导速度,等等。在运用IT任务进行的ERP研究中发现,ERP波幅和潜伏期的不同往往能够反映出智力上的差异。信息加工速度和神经传导速度均与一般智力因素（g因素）存在较高的相关。上述研究发现促进了智力与心理速度关系的跨学科研究,成为智力研究领域中的热点     

广告作品评价系统的心理学研究

本研究从1990年至1991年,在全国许多城市对消费者的电视和报纸广告作品的一般性评价进行了调查,分别获得了五至六个基本评价因素:可信度、吸引力、适合度、感染力、认知力和必要信息;通过控制试验,又获得了它们的相对重视度和广告作品评价的数学模型: B=∑a_k ·r_(kj)     

跟踪操作业绩与人格特征的关系

本研究发现,跟踪作业的业绩与允许误差值之间有某种规律性的关系。因此,跟踪任务的操纵器设计应考虑最佳宽容度。本文还探讨了不同人格维度与跟踪作业业绩之间的关系。就单个人格维度而言,内倾者的跟踪作业业绩优于外倾者;较高精神质者优于较低精神质者。在神经质维度上表现出高神经质者作业业绩好于低神经质者的倾向。     

The Beck Anxiety Inventory: Psychometric Properties with Older Adults

The assessment of anxiety disorders in late life is often hindered by the lack of measures specifically validated with older adults. Because anxiety manifestations may vary across age groups, it is important to design new instruments or validate existing measures with older adults. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) in a sample of 281 older adults who were community-dwelling (82.6%) or living in residential care facilities (17.4%). The mean total BAI score was 6.5 (SD = 7.2), indicating minimal anxiety symptomatology in this older sample. There was a trend for older subjects to score higher. Females scored higher than males, and subjects living in a residential facility scored higher than did community dwellers. Item-total correlations were in the moderate range and the internal consistency of the BAI was adequate (alpha = 0.89). A factor analysis yielded a six-factor structure accounting for 64.6% of the variance, with a somatic factor accounting for the largest portion of the variance (32.2%). Because somatic symptoms are more prevalent with aging, such symptoms should not be weighed as heavily in the total BAI score as cognitive or behavioral symptoms. The findings indicate that the BAI is a useful self-report scale for assessing anxiety symptomatology among older adults.     

速示重复和非速示呈现下的汉字结构方式效应

在速示重复和非速示两种实验条件下考察了汉字大小和笔画数对结构方式效应的影响。在速示实验中,发现有结构方式主效应,并在小号字上以及两种笔画数的汉字上也存在结构方式效应;在非速示实验中,没有发现结构方式主效应,但在多笔画的小号汉字上和多笔画的中号汉字上存在结构方式效应。两个实验还表明,汉字的结构方式效应量值随着视觉条件的改善而减少。该文提出了用以解释结构方式效应的汉字空间通透性概念及其算法,并且讨论了解释结构方式效应量值随着视觉清晰度的改善而系统性减少的模型。     

爬行与婴儿共同注意能力的发展

本研究考察了８～１１个月婴儿共同注意能力的发展趋势以及爬行与其发展的关系。结果表明：１）一岁以内的婴儿在共同注意时有仅跟视相同方向与准确定位他人注视点两种不同水平的表现,这两种表现具有不同的发展趋势;２）影响婴儿共同注意时仅跟视相同方向水平发展的主要因素是婴儿的年龄,爬行时间的效应不显著;３）对婴儿准确定位的发展而言,影响其发展的重要因素是婴儿的爬行而不是婴儿的年龄。     

JAS活动性调查用于探讨组织管理问题的尝试

本研究试图将JAS用于组织管理问题,探讨了工程技术人员与工人在A型行为特征上的差异。结果发现,在J量表上显示出非常显著的差异。它反映了两者在A型行为上职业背景的差异。这一结果与有关科技人员的其他调查结果是一致的。     

CPM领导行为评价量表的建构

国外关于领导行为评价的研究,都把领导行为划分为两个因素:一是组织目标达成,另一个是团体维系。本研究用聚类分析得出了三个因素:组织目标达成,团体维系和个人品德。从而验证了我们提出的三因素假设。这种不同,可能是由于中国和西方文化不同所造成的。     

Sex differences in the Poggendorff illusion: identifying the locus of the effect

Extensive research has identified individual differences associated with sex in a range of visual task performances, including susceptibility to visual illusions. The aim of this study was to identify the locus of sex differences within the context of the Poggendorf illusion. 79 women and 79 men participated within a mixed factorial design. Analyses indicated that sex differences were only present in the stimulus context with the full inducing element present. This finding replicates recent research and provides qualifying evidence as to the locus of the effect. The findings are discussed within the functional framework of perceptual processes involved in extrapolating 3-dimensional characteristics from 2-dimensional visual stimuli.     

Nonequivalence of on-line and paper-and-pencil psychological tests: The case of the prospective memory questionnaire

There is growing evidence that Internet-mediated psychological tests can have satisfactory psychometric properties and can measure the same constructs as traditional versions. However, equivalence cannot be taken for granted. The prospective memory questionnaire (PMQ; Hannon, Adams, Harrington, Fries-Dias, & Gibson, 1995) was used in an on-line study exploring links between drug use and memory (Rodgers et al., 2003). The PMQ has four factor-analytically derived subscales. In a large (N763) sample tested via the Internet, only two factors could be recovered; the other two subscales were essentially meaningless. This demonstration of nonequivalence underlines the importance of on-line test validation. Without examination of its psychometric properties, one cannot be sure that a test administered via the Internet actually measures the intended construct.