大连市出生缺陷情况分析及干预对策

出生缺陷监测及干预工作应坚持面向整个育龄人群、面向家庭、面向社会、面向高危人群,加强部门合作,建立多部门联手服务模式,形成以计划生育服务体系为基础的出生缺陷一级预防基本平台和以卫生服务体系为基础的二、三级出生缺陷预防基本平台.     

管理者责任心和工作绩效关系的研究

本研究旨在探讨管理者责任心和工作绩效间的关系。通过对236名管理者施测自编的管理者责任心问卷和修订的工作绩效问卷,结果发现：(1)服务取向和可依赖性对人际促进的预测效果较好;(2)服务取向、个人品德和有计划性对任务绩效的预测效果较好;（3）个人品德、有计划性和成就取向对工作奉献的预测效果较好;(4)管理者责任心对关系绩效的预测高于对任务绩效的预测。     

生物医学技术创新与产业化浅议——中南大学生殖与干细胞工程研究所技术创新实践的思考

回顾辅助生殖技术到干细胞工程的发展历程,探讨生物医学技术产业化过程中存在的问题及生物医学技术创新对学科建设和发展的影响。结论是生物医学科学创新原理必须转化为技术创新原理才能进而转化为生产力。而生物医学技术的不断创新要通过产业化来实现,产业化促进了学科发展规模和科学研究的持续深入。     

Integrative Family and Systems Treatment with Parental Mental Illness: A Hong Kong Chinese Family

Integrative Family and Systems Treatment (I-FAST) is a systems-based, home-based, and strengths-oriented treatment model that has been developed and implemented within the community mental health system. Using a single case example, this paper discusses the application of I-FAST to a Chinese family in Hong Kong in which the mother was diagnosed with depression. The paper critically examines the deficit-based approach, widely used in the mental health field, which stigmatizes people with psychiatric disabilities. Treatment implications of families with parental mental illness in a Chinese context are discussed.     

注意偏向训练对社交焦虑的干预：方法、效果与机制

社交焦虑障碍是最普遍且难于治疗的精神障碍之一。大量研究发现, 注意偏向训练可以有效缓解社交焦虑。研究者从自我报告、结构化评估、生理记录等方面考察发现, 接受了注意偏向训练的社交焦虑个体其注意偏向、生理唤醒和脑神经活动发生变化并且社交焦虑症状有所缓解。注意偏向训练对社交焦虑的干预机制可能是因为训练提升了个体对威胁性刺激的注意解除能力。今后的研究可以进一步明确注意偏向训练干预社交焦虑的效果与机制, 拓宽评估注意偏向训练效果的手段, 并探索其对社交焦虑干预的长期效果和对其它心理疾病的作用。     

Career adaptability,calling and the professional competence of social work students in China: A career construction perspective

Based on career construction theory, the current research examined individual and contextual predictors for the professional competence of Chinese undergraduates majoring in social work (N = 270). Results showed that career concern and career curiosity predicted social work students' professional competence, with these relations mediated by the calling in social work. It was also found that the positive effect of calling on professional competence was stronger among students who perceived a lower level of career-oriented learning environment. The corresponding moderated mediation model was supported such that the indirect effects of career concern and career curiosity on professional competence were stronger among students who perceived a lower level of career-oriented learning environment. These findings carry implications for research on career construction theory, as well as career education and career counseling practices.     

Adult outcomes as a function of an early childhood educational program: an Abecedarian Project follow-up

Adult (age 30) educational, economic, and social-emotional adjustment outcomes were investigated for participants in the Abecedarian Project, a randomized controlled trial of early childhood education for children from low-income families. Of the original 111 infants enrolled (98% African American), 101 took part in the age 30 follow-up. Primary indicators of educational level, economic status, and social adjustment were examined as a function of early childhood treatment. Treated individuals attained significantly more years of education, but income-to-needs ratios and criminal involvement did not vary significantly as a function of early treatment. A number of other indicators were described for each domain. Overall, the findings provide strong evidence for educational benefits, mixed evidence for economic benefits, and little evidence for treatment-related social adjustment outcomes. Implications for public policy are discussed.     

父母教养方式对羞怯的作用机制

以752名大学生为被试,考察了父母教养方式与羞怯的关系以及社会支持在其中的中介作用和应对方式在其中的调节作用。结果发现：（1）母亲惩罚严厉和父亲过度保护对羞怯有显著的正向作用,父亲情感温暖对羞怯有显著的负向作用;（2）在母亲惩罚严厉和父亲情感温暖对羞怯的作用中,社会支持起着中介作用;（3）父亲过度保护对羞怯的正向作用受到幻想的调节。     

Family Protection and Prevention of Alcohol Use Among Hispanic Youth at High Risk

Research regarding prevention strategies for Hispanic youth stress the importance of family interventions because of the particular importance of family as a protective factor within the Hispanic community. Starting in 1995, the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention conducted the National Cross-Site Evaluation of High Risk Youth Programs, a 5-year drug and alcohol prevention study with a sample of approximately 10,500 youth, including nearly 3,000 Hispanic youth. Youth were surveyed regarding their alcohol use patterns and risk and protective factors, with several measures of family relationships, including family connectedness, family supervision, and parental attitudes toward their child's alcohol use. Analyses indicate that family factors are highly linked to alcohol use among Hispanics, particularly among Hispanic females. Longitudinal growth curve analyses indicate that improving the connections that young Hispanic females have to their parents can have positive long-term effects on delaying or reducing their alcohol use. This evaluation was conducted under the direction of Dr. Soledad Sambrano, Ph.D. of the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention under contract #2777-95-5002 with EMT Associates, Inc. and ORC Macro. The views expressed herein represent the opinions and analyses of the individual authors and may not necessarily reflect the opinions, official policy, or position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration, or the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention.     

我国大学生的职业价值观研究

考察从８０年代初期到９０年代中期我国青年学生择业标准的变迁及其原因。同时,探讨了不同职业兴趣类的人在职业价值观上的异同。从而揭示了环境的变化及职业兴趣类型对职业价值观的影响作用。