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161.
162.
We describe and evaluate a model of motion perception based on the integration of information from two parallel pathways: a motion pathway and a luminance pathway. The motion pathway has two stages. The first stage measures and pools local motion across the input animation sequence and assigns reliability indices to these pooled measurements. The second stage groups locations on the basis of these measurements. In the luminance pathway, the input scene is segmented into regions on the basis of similarities in luminance. In a subsequent integration stage, motion and luminance segments are combined to obtain the final estimates of object motion. The neural network architecture we employ is based on LEGION (locally excitatory globally inhibitory oscillator networks), a scheme for feature binding and region labeling based on oscillatory correlation. Many aspects of the model are implemented at the neural network level, whereas others are implemented at a more abstract level. We apply this model to the computation of moving, uniformly illuminated, two-dimensional surfaces that are either opaque or transparent. Model performance replicates a number of distinctive features of human motion perception. 相似文献
163.
164.
Parents' personality and infants' temperament as contributors to their emerging relationship 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Kochanska G Friesenborg AE Lange LA Martel MM Kochanska G 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2004,86(5):744-759
The authors examined the contributions of infant's temperament and parent's personality to their relationship. In Study 1, 102 infants, mothers, and fathers were studied when infants were 7 months; in Study 2, 112 infants and mothers were followed from 9 to 45 months. Infants' temperament (joy, fear, anger, and attention) was observed in standard temperament paradigms. Parents' personality measures encompassed the Big Five traits and Empathy in Study 1 and Mistrust, Manipulativeness, Aggression, Dependency, Entitlement, and Workaholism in Study 2. Parent-child relationship (shared positive affect and parental responsiveness in Studies 1 and 2 and parental tracking of the infant in Study 1) was observed in naturalistic contexts. In Study 1, mothers' Neuroticism, Empathy, and Conscientiousness and fathers' Agreeableness, Openness, and Extraversion related to the relationship with the infants. All measures of infant temperament also related to the emerging relationship. In Study 2, maternal Mistrust, Manipulativeness, Dependency, and Workaholism predicted the relationship with the child. 相似文献
165.
Lindsey DT 《Perception & psychophysics》2001,63(2):226-240
Perceived directions of motion were measured for each of two superposed two-dimensional dynamic random patterns consisting of unfiltered or ring-filtered dense random-check (Julesz) textures. One pattern always moved in a cardinal direction (up, down, left, or right), and the other texture always moved in an oblique direction separated from the cardinal component by 20 degrees-80 degrees. Several cardinal/oblique speed ratios were tested. In Experiment 1, the textures were unfiltered. In Experiment 2, the textures were ring filtered and had the same center frequency (1, 2, or 4 cpd). In Experiment 3, a 1-cpd ring-filtered texture was paired with a 2-, 4-, or 8-cpd texture. Subjects consistently misperceived the directions of component motion in these experiments; the angular separation of movement of the two textures was perceptually exaggerated, a phenomenon referred to as direction repulsion (Marshak & Sekuler, 1979). The results show that (1) direction repulsion occurs across at least a fourfold range of spatial frequencies and a sixfold range of speed ratios, (2) direction repulsion varies systematically with speed ratio, and (3) across most conditions, direction repulsion is anisotropic--direction repulsion is more evident in the oblique directions than in the cardinal directions. These findings suggest that the spatiotemporal range of inhibitory interactions involved in motion transparency is much greater than previously appreciated. 相似文献
166.
Marina Vasilyeva Elida Laski Aleksandr Veraksa Lindsey Weber Daria Bukhalenkova 《Journal of cognition and development》2018,19(4):345-366
It is imperative to identify contextual factors contributing to the development of early math skills, considering their role in later academic achievement. To pursue this goal, the present study investigated the paths connecting parental beliefs and practices during the preschool years to children’s numeric skills at the end of kindergarten (N = 98). Results were consistent with theoretical predictions of specific relations between particular types of parental input and different aspects of number knowledge. Direct math learning activities mediated the relation between parental beliefs and children’s number identification skills. Daily activities involving quantitative components mediated the relation between parental beliefs and children’s numerical magnitude understanding. Both types of activities predicted arithmetic skills that integrate the basic aspects of symbolic number knowledge. These findings contribute to developmental theory by specifying how characteristics of children’s environments are related to particular aspects of their development, which is critical for informing intervention work to improve early math skills. 相似文献
167.
This study contains an exploration of the use of mask-making and mindfulness training as components of an expressive arts group intervention designed to help youth understand and manage their stress. With the assistance of a school counselor, six eighth-grade students, who were having difficulty managing stress, were identified and participated in a 12-hour group intervention over the course of six weeks. Participants were assessed pre- and post-intervention and at a three-week follow-up on measures of self-efficacy, depression, anxiety, and stress. The group intervention resulted in significant self-reported reductions of anxiety and stress at the three-week follow-up. 相似文献
168.
Sim Yin Tan Lindsey H. Steding Erica E. Coates Heather Agazzi 《Child & family behavior therapy》2018,40(1):65-83
Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) has demonstrated promising evidence in its implementation with deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) families. This case study presents the implementation of PCIT with a hearing mother, a deaf father, and their 7-year-old hearing son with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and oppositional behaviors, using the assistance of certified interpreters. Results documented improvement in child behavior, parenting skills and stress, and parent-child communication. Notably, paternal ratings showed greater improvement across these outcomes than maternal ratings. Overall, PCIT continues to demonstrate its effectiveness as a treatment option for DHH families with children with challenging behaviors. The limitations and implications are discussed. 相似文献
169.
Jared W. Keeley Christopher Webb Destiny Peterson Lindsey Roussin Elizabeth H. Flanagan 《Journal of personality assessment》2016,98(4):351-359
The advent of a dimensional model of personality disorder included in DSM–5 has necessitated the development of a new measurement scheme, specifically a self-report questionnaire termed the Personality Inventory for DSM–5 (PID–5; Krueger, Derringer, Markon, Watson, &; Skodol, 2012). However, there are many threats to the validity of a self-report measure, including response inconsistency. This study outlines the development of an inconsistency scale for the PID–5. Across both college student and clinical samples, the inconsistency scale was able to reliably differentiate real from random responding. Random responses led to increased scores on the PID–5 facets, indicating the importance of detecting inconsistent responding prior to test interpretation. Thus, this inconsistency scale could be of use to researchers and clinicians in detecting inconsistent responses to this new personality disorder measure. 相似文献
170.
Leah N. Enns Lindsey E. Barrieau Lisa A. Serbin Jane E. Ledingham Alex E. Schwartzman 《European Journal of Developmental Psychology》2016,13(1):1-19
Factors that promote healthy relationships have been understudied. The objective of this study is to examine mother–child verbal and nonverbal communication (separately), relationship quality and children's positive social behaviours in an at-risk sample framed within the developmental psychopathology approach. Mothers are part of a 35-year longitudinal prospective study who, as children, were rated by peers on measures of aggression and social withdrawal. These mothers, with their own 9- to 13-year-old children, participated in conflict and game-playing tasks. Verbal and nonverbal communication were coded separately using systematic observational measures. Maternal childhood histories of aggression and withdrawal predicted poorer dyad verbal communication, relationship quality and children's positive social behaviours. Frequently displayed positive verbal and nonverbal communication were associated with better relationship quality and children's positive social behaviours. The results highlight the unique contributions of verbal and nonverbal communication to adaptive development and to promoting healthy relationships in at-risk families during middle-childhood. 相似文献