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121.
Wade E. Pickren 《Psychological studies》2009,54(2):87-95
This article argues for the development of a historical perspective to help understand the process of indigenization in psychology.
The indigenization of psychology in both the United States and India is shown to be part of larger social, economic, and political
processes. A center and periphery model of knowledge production and praxes is deployed to show how practices of scientific
imperialism are used to maintain the hegemony of the center. It is argued that historical approaches may be useful to challenge
and counter such practices. Finally, the authors call for a polycentric history of psychology that will correspond to the
emerging polycentrism exemplified in indigenous psychologies. 相似文献
122.
In the wake of an interpersonal offense, victims often feel motivated to avoid their perpetrators, and the more severe the
offense, the more pronounced this motivation is. On the surface, avoidance appears to serve a self-protective function such
that victims, compelled by a sense of fear and apprehension, withdraw from their wrongdoers to prevent further harm. However,
avoidance might also serve a retaliatory purpose in which victims shun their offenders out of anger and hostility, using interpersonal
aloofness as a means of payback. In the present pair of studies, we examined victims’ self-reports of recent offense experiences
and tested the mediating roles of fear and anger in the relationship between offense severity and avoidance motivations. Study
1 revealed that anger, not fear, was the emotion that mediated this relationship. Study 2 replicated this finding and also
showed that the link between anger and avoidance was mediated both by revenge and self-protection motives, which demonstrates
the complex nature of avoidance following a transgression. 相似文献
123.
Elizabeth M. McCarroll Eric W. Lindsey Carol MacKinnon-Lewis Jessica Campbell Chambers James M. Frabutt 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(4):473-485
We examined associations between children’s health status and the quality of their peer relationships, as well as factors
that may account for individual variation in the quality of chronically ill and healthy children’s peer relationships. Our
sample included 268 children (138 boys; 130 girls) with 149 European-Americans and 119 African-Americans. There were 91 children
with a chronic illness; 35 with asthma, 26 with diabetes, and 30 with obesity. Chronically ill children were characterized
by teachers as displaying less prosocial behavior, less overt aggression, and less relational aggression with peers than healthy
children. Chronically ill children reported lower levels of peer contact and higher levels of social anxiety than healthy
children. Among chronically ill children those with high self-esteem were more prosocial and less aggressive than those with
low self-esteem. Our findings suggest that chronically ill children are at risk for peer relationship difficulties, but that
self-esteem may serve as a protective factor against poor peer relationships for some chronically ill children. 相似文献
124.
Adam Rutland Rupert J. Brown Lindsey Cameron Anni Ahmavaara Katie Arnold Jenni Samson 《European journal of social psychology》2007,37(1):171-190
Two studies were conducted that go beyond previous research by examining when and why children might show intergroup bias in the attribution of positive, but not negative traits (PNAE: the positive–negative asymmetry effect, Mummendey & Otten, 1998, European review of social psychology, Vol. 9). In Study 1 (n = 107) children completed a ‘mixed’ trait attribution task in a dichotomous group context. As predicted there was a developmental trend between 7 and 12 years of age in the PNAE. The 7‐year olds were the only age group not to show the effect. Study 1 also found a quadratic developmental trend in children's national intergroup bias. Study 2 (n = 62) replicated the developmental path of the PNAE found in Study 1 using a wider age range of 6–16 years. This study used a ‘mixed’ list of traits which were not only antonyms and a procedure that made the positive and negative trait dimensions explicitly independent. Significantly, Study 2 found in‐group exclusion norm partially mediated the development of the PNAE. These findings support an account of the positive–negative asymmetry effect based upon normative processes. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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A horizontally moving target was followed by rotation of the eyes alone or by a lateral movement of the head. These movements resulted in the retinal displacement of a vertically moving target from its perceived path, the amplitude of which was determined by the phase and amplitude of the object motion and of the eye or head movements. In two experiments, we tested the prediction from our model of spatial motion (Swanston, Wade, & Day, 1987) that perceived distance interacts with compensation for head movements, but not with compensation for eye movements with respect to a stationary head. In both experiments, when the vertically moving target was seen at a distance different from its physical distance, its perceived path was displaced relative to that seen when there was no error in perceived distance, or when it was pursued by eye movements alone. In a third experiment, simultaneous measurements of eye and head position during lateral head movements showed that errors in fixation were not sufficient to require modification of the retinal paths determined by the geometry of the observation conditions in Experiments 1 and 2. 相似文献
129.
C. Wade Savage 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》1990,21(2):ii-230
Autorisierte Übersetzung der Gedenkrede, die C. Wade Savage auf dem 1988 Biennial Meeting der Philosophy of Science Association in Evanston, Illinois gehalten hat (vgl. Arthur Fine & Jarrett Laplin (eds.), PSA 1988 Proceedings, vol. 2, East Lansing, Michigan 1989, pp. 15–22). — Die Herausgeber danken Herrn Dirk Koppelberg für die Übertragung ins Deutsche. 相似文献
130.
A line of constant width viewed against an expanding or contracting grating appears to become narrower or wider, respectively. This effect was studied using a computer-controlled video system with a motorized zoom lens. The magnitude of the illusory size (width) change with a vertical line did not differ when viewed against a horizontal or an oblique background, and the size change was not due to static size contrast between the line and the background. The illusory narrowing observed with an expanding background was equivalent to the widening observed with a contracting background. The apparent change in the width of lines that actually expanded was consistently underestimated, either on a similarly changing background or when viewed against a gray field. Although the transformation of the background and line produced changes in their perceived distance, this did not occur for a constant line against a transforming background, even though this condition induced the perceived size change. 相似文献