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851.
Shawna M. Tanner Jay L. Cohen Erina L. MacGeorge Ruth Anne Clark Sarah Stewart 《Basic and applied social psychology》2013,35(5):329-339
Most social support theory implies that there are objectively supportive people and statements. Yet there is little agreement among perceivers that some people are more supportive than others. Nonetheless, there might be better agreement regarding supportive statements. In three studies, children, college students, and members of a clinical training program rated the supportiveness of specific statements presented by text or video. Agreement among perceivers accounted for only 11% of the variance (range = 8%–12%). Perceivers disagreed because of their traitlike perceptual biases, as well as perceivers’ idiosyncratic tastes. Implications for social support theory were discussed. 相似文献
852.
Family medicine is redefining itself in the wake of the Future of Family Medicine Project, the move to the Patient-Centered
Medical Home, and the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act’s emphasis on primary care. This effort has included
representing family doctors as physicians who “care for the whole person” and who “specialize in you.” Many patients believe
that whole person care involves attention to spirituality and wish to share their beliefs in the medical encounter. This national
survey investigated whether a random sample of family medicine residents were willing to address spirituality upon patient
request. With varying degrees of willingness, most doctors said that they would discuss patient beliefs if asked. Denominational
preference, residency training in addressing spirituality, and self-rated spirituality were all predictive of the strength
of reported willingness. These results indicate that training in addressing spirituality may create residents more likely
to discuss the topic in clinical practice. 相似文献
853.
Susan Selby Annette Braunack-Mayer Alison Jones Sheila Clark Nicole Moulding Justin Beilby 《Journal of religion and health》2011,50(4):1007-1023
Home country re-entry from cross-cultural missionary work abroad may be associated with psychological distress. Re-entrants
experience multiple losses including loss of identity which may be associated with personal/relational identity gaps and depersonalization/dehumanization.
However, research suggests that some re-entrants are resilient with good mental health, while others are fragile with poor
mental health. The aims of this paper are to explore the nature and frequency of re-entering missionaries’ identity gaps and
their depersonalization/dehumanization in resilient and fragile re-entrants. Fifteen re-entering adult Australian cross-cultural
missionary workers from four interdenominational Australian mission organizations completed semi-structured interviews. Results
were analysed using modified Consensual Qualitative Research methods. Links were established between personal/relational identity
gaps, depersonalization/dehumanization and resilience on re-entry. Implications for re-entrants’ care are discussed with suggestions
for further research. 相似文献
854.
Austen Clark 《Philosophical Studies》2011,153(1):175-181
The papers by Macpherson, O’Callaghan, and Batty reveal some startling differences in the objects and properties represented
by different modalities. They also reveal some tensions between different ways of understanding what it is for any one modality
to represent objects and properties. 相似文献
855.
Margaret S. Clark Aaron Greenberg Edward P. Lemay David Roosth 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2011,47(2):359-364
People may value their possessions, in part, because ownership of goods promotes feelings of security. If so, increasing their sense of security should reduce the value they place on possessions. In two studies we tested this prediction. In Study 1, participants who were assigned randomly to write about an instance of receiving social support placed less monetary value on a blanket they owned relative to participants who were assigned randomly to write about a pleasant restaurant experience. In Study 2, participants who were unobtrusively primed with security-related words placed less monetary value on a pen they just received relative to participants who were primed with positive or neutral words. Results suggest that enhancing interpersonal security reduces valuing possessions. 相似文献
856.
Jason K. Clark Abigail T. Evans Duane T. Wegener 《European journal of social psychology》2011,41(5):596-607
When communicators are perceived as likely to bring proposed outcomes to fruition, they have source efficacy. Although perceptions of source efficacy are common in persuasion settings, this construct has received little direct research attention. The present research explored how source efficacy may impact persuasion in different ways at different levels of motivation to process messages. Across three experiments, participants encountered message arguments of varying quality from a source manipulated to be relatively efficacious or inefficacious. When motivation to process the message was low, source efficacy served as a peripheral cue (Experiment 1). When motivation was high, efficacy information learned before the message biased processing of ambiguous messages (Experiment 2), but source efficacy learned after the message affected the amount of confidence people had in their message‐related thoughts (Experiment 3). These effects of source efficacy were distinct from effects of perceived source expertise/credibility. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
857.
Yoo SH Clark MS Lemay EP Salovey P Monin JK 《Personality & social psychology bulletin》2011,37(2):229-241
The effects of communal motivation on reactions to relationship partners' expressed anger were examined. In Study 1, married couples reported on the communal strength of their marriage, their expressions of anger to their spouse, and relationship satisfaction. In Study 2, college students reported on the communal strength of their best friendships, those friends' expressions of anger, and their evaluations of and provision of support to those friends. In Study 3, communal motivation toward a stranger who expressed mild anger was manipulated and evaluation of that stranger was measured. In all three studies, low communal motivation was associated with more negative evaluations of angry partners, lower relationship satisfaction, and, in Study 2, lower support provision. In contrast, when communal motivation was high, these decreases either did not occur (Studies 1 and 3) or were diminished (Study 2), and in Study 2, partners' anger was associated with increased provision of social support. 相似文献
858.
Carlson M Wilcox R Chou CP Chang M Yang F Blanchard J Marterella A Kuo A Clark F 《心理评价》2011,23(2):558-562
Reverse-scored items on assessment scales increase cognitive processing demands and may therefore lead to measurement problems for older adult respondents. In this study, the objective was to examine possible psychometric inadequacies of reverse-scored items on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) when used to assess ethnically diverse older adults. Using baseline data from a gerontologic clinical trial (n = 460), we tested the hypotheses that the reversed items on the CES-D (a) are less reliable than nonreversed items, (b) disproportionately lead to intraindividually atypical responses that are psychometrically problematic, and (c) evidence improved measurement properties when an imputation procedure based on the scale mean is used to replace atypical responses. In general, the results supported the hypotheses. Relative to nonreversed CES-D items, the 4 reversed items were less internally consistent, were associated with lower item-scale correlations, and were more often answered atypically at an intraindividual level. Further, the atypical responses were negatively correlated with responses to psychometrically sound nonreversed items that had similar content. The use of imputation to replace atypical responses enhanced the predictive validity of the set of reverse-scored items. Among older adult respondents, reverse-scored items are associated with measurement difficulties. It is recommended that appropriate correction procedures such as item readministration or statistical imputation be applied to reduce the difficulties. 相似文献
859.
Peters JA Kenen R Hoskins LM Koehly LM Graubard B Loud JT Greene MH 《Journal of genetic counseling》2011,20(5):450-464
Family communication is essential for accurate cancer risk assessment and counseling; family blockers play a role in this
communication process. This qualitative analysis of social exchanges is an extension of earlier work characterizing those
who are perceived by study participants as health information gatherers, disseminators, and blockers within families with
Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (HBOC) susceptibility. Eighty-nine women, ages 23–56 years, enrolled in a Breast Imaging
Study (BIS) and participated in a sub-study utilizing a social assessment tool known as the Colored Ecological Genetic Relational
Map (CEGRM). Purposive sampling ensured that participants varied according to numbers of participating family members e.g., ranging from 1 to 6. Eighty-nine women from 42 families (1–8 relatives/family) participated. They collectively designated
65 blockers, both male and female. Situational factors, beliefs, attitudes and cultural traditions, privacy and protectiveness
comprised perceived reasons for blocking intra-family health communications. Longitudinal data collected over 4 years showed
families where blocking behavior was universally recognized and stable over time, as well as other families where blocking
was less consistent. Self-blocking was observed among a significant minority of participating women. Blocking of health communications
among family members with HBOC was variable, complex, and multifaceted. The reasons for blocking were heterogeneous; duration
of the blocking appeared to depend on the reasons for blocking. Blocking often seemed to involve bi-directional feedback loops,
in keeping with Lepore’s Social Constraints and Modulation Theory. Privacy and protectiveness predominated as explanations
for long-term blocking. 相似文献
860.
Clark RE 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2011,95(2):118-124
Systems consolidation involves a prolonged process of memory reorganization that appears to be distinctly related to declarative memory. Declarative memory can be sharply contrasted with simple delay eyeblink classical conditioning, a prototypical example of nondeclarative memory. Yet inserting a trace interval between the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli endows eyeblink (trace) conditioning with many features of declarative memory. Work in humans has established that trace conditioning requires declarative memory. Recently trace eyeblink conditioning in animals has become one of the most powerful methods to study systems consolidation. Thus, it is ironic that a substantially nondeclarative form of memory has been so instructive concerning the organization of declarative memory. 相似文献