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321.
Regina Day Langhout Mindy E. Bergman Lilia M. Cortina Louise F. Fitzgerald Fritz Drasgow Jill Hunter Williams 《Journal of applied social psychology》2005,35(5):975-1007
The current study bridges literatures on sexual harassment, person‐environment systems, and stress and appraisal processes. Conventional wisdom equates severity of sexual harassment with type of harassment. We test this notion empirically and posit a more comprehensive model that examines both person‐ and situation‐level variables. Data came from 13,743 U.S. Armed Forces women responding to survey questions about a significant experience of sexual harassment. Multiple regression results indicate that pervasiveness of sexual harassment relates outcomes better than does type of sexual harassment. Pervasiveness and type interact to predict subjective appraisal of harassment. Additionally, according to multiple‐group structural equation models, appraisal mediates relations between pervasiveness and outcomes. Results further suggest that relations among sexual‐harassment antecedents and outcomes are consistent, regardless of the type of sexual harassment. These findings highlight the importance of examining both persons and situations when assessing sexual harassment severity. 相似文献
322.
Although research has demonstrated that marriage education has positive effects on relationship quality, little is known about how such services impact relationships where one partner is incarcerated. The current study implemented an adapted version of the Prevention and Relationship Enhancement Program (PREP Inside and Out) for inmates in Oklahoma correctional facilities. Inmates, with or without their partners, participated in the 12-hour program. The impact of the program was investigated on a range of relationship variables including satisfaction with relationship, dedication, confidence, communication skills, friendship, and negative interactions as reported by the inmate partner. Participants reported substantial gains in all variables and in overall satisfaction with their relationship after completing the program, regardless of their gender and racial/ethnic background. Implications for future marriage education programs and research in prisons are discussed. 相似文献
323.
Samuel R. Sommers Lindsey S. Warp Corrine C. Mahoney 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2008,44(4):1129-1136
Two experiments tested the hypothesis that mere anticipation of membership in a racially heterogeneous group can lead White individuals to exhibit more thorough information processing. In Study 1 White participants who expected to discuss a race-relevant topic with a racially diverse group exhibited better comprehension of topical background readings than did Whites assigned to all-White groups. Study 2 replicated these results and indicated that the processing effects were attributable in part to an increase in race-relevant thought activation among White individuals in a diverse setting. No such anticipatory effects of racial composition were observed for Whites expecting to discuss race-neutral topics. Taken together, these studies render untenable the assumption that the observable effects of racial diversity are wholly attributable to the novel contributions of non-White group members. More generally, they emphasize the need for additional empirical investigation of the cognitive processes through which racial heterogeneity influences individual and group performance. 相似文献
324.
Chinman M Hunter SB Ebener P Paddock SM Stillman L Imm P Wandersman A 《American journal of community psychology》2008,41(3-4):206-224
Communities are increasingly being required by state and federal funders to achieve outcomes and be accountable, yet are often
not provided the guidance or the tools needed to successfully meet this challenge. To improve the likelihood of achieving
positive outcomes, the Getting To Outcomes (GTO) intervention (manual, training, technical assistance) is designed to provide
the necessary guidance and tools, tailored to community needs, in order to build individual capacity and program performance.
GTO is an example of a Prevention Support System intervention, which as conceptualized by the Interactive Systems Framework,
plays a key role in bridging the gap between prevention science (Prevention Synthesis and Translation System) and prevention
practice (Prevention Delivery System). We evaluated the impact of GTO on individual capacity and program performance using
survey- and interview-based methods. We tracked the implementation of GTO and gathered user feedback about its utility and
acceptability. The evaluation of GTO suggests that it can build individual capacity and program performance and as such demonstrates
that the Prevention Support System can successfully fulfill its intended role. Lessons learned from the implementation of
GTO relevant to illuminating the framework are discussed. 相似文献
325.
Extant theory holds that variation in attachment security is largely determined by caregiver sensitivity whereas disorganization has its roots in atypical interactions that frighten the infant. These hypotheses were confirmed in the current study of a high-risk sample but, contrary to current theory, both atypical maternal behavior and maternal sensitivity were also significant independent predictors of attachment disorganization and security. 相似文献
326.
Tarabulsy GM Provost MA Larose S Moss E Lemelin JP Moran G Forbes L Pederson DR 《Infant behavior & development》2008,31(1):10-22
This study examined the similarities and differences in maternal and observer Attachment Behavior Q-Sort ratings (AQS; Waters, 1995) and their relations to dimensions of the developmental ecology - maternal sensitivity, infant irritability, parental stress and psychosocial risk. Data was gathered from low risk (adult mothers; N=44) and high risk mother-infant dyads (adolescent mothers; N=83) when infants were aged 6, 10 and 15 months old, attachment being assessed at 15 months by both mothers and independent observers. A common factor was extracted from both sorts and served to operationalize the similarities between mother and observer ratings. Regressions were conducted to extract maternal and observer AQS scores that were unrelated to each other to represent the difference between the two sorts. Correlation analyses indicated that the common AQS factor was moderately linked to maternal sensitivity and parental stress, and showed a weak association to psychosocial risk and infant irritability. Residual maternal scores showed greater correlations with infant irritability and parental stress than did observer residual scores. Observer scores showed a greater correlation with psychosocial risk than maternal scores. Results suggest that common AQS variance presents a pattern of associations with ecological variables that is coherent with attachment research. Variance related to irritability, stress and risk appear to drive the differences between maternal and observer observations. 相似文献
327.
Christina H. Vlahou Lindsey L. Cohen Amanda M. Woods Jeffrey D. Lewis Benjamin D. Gold 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2008,15(4):278-286
The aim of the current study was to determine whether age and body satisfaction predict dietary adherence in adolescents with
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), and whether older females are less adherent than younger males and females. Forty-four participants
aged 10–21 with IBD were recruited. Participants provided informed consent and demographics. Body satisfaction was measured
by a questionnaire and a task in which participants selected their current and ideal body image out of silhouettes depicting
bodies ranging from underweight to obese. Adherence was measured by marking a 100 mm visual analog scale, the 1-week completion
of a dietary log, and a questionnaire evaluating coping strategies used for overcoming obstacles to dietary adherence. Age
was related to dietary adherence, with younger children being more likely to adhere. Participants more satisfied with their
body reported better dietary adherence. Findings remained consistent across multiple measures of body satisfaction and adherence.
Healthcare providers and parents should be informed of these findings in order to improve adherence. 相似文献
328.
Lindsey A. Combs-Ronto Sheryl L. Olson Erika S. Lunkenheimer Arnold J. Sameroff 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(8):1151-1163
This study was a prospective 2-year longitudinal investigation of associations between negative maternal parenting and disruptive
child behavior across the preschool to school transition. Our main goals were to 1) determine the direction of association
between early maternal negativity and child disruptive behaviors across this important developmental transition and 2) examine
whether there would be different patterns of associations for boys and girls. Participants were 235 children (111 girls; T1;
M = 37.7 months, T2; M = 63.4 months) and their mothers and teachers. Observational and multi-informant ratings of child disruptive behavior showed
differential patterns of stability and associations with measures of parenting risk. Results indicated bidirectional and interactive
contributions of externalizing behavior and negative parenting across time. Results also indicated that risk mechanisms operate
similarly for both sexes. Findings support transactional models of disruptive child behavior that highlight the joint contributions
of parents and children. 相似文献
329.
Lindsey Clark Levitan Penny S. Visser 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2009,45(5):1057-1067
Recent evidence suggests that people who are embedded within attitudinally congruent social networks have stronger attitudes than those embedded in attitudinally diverse networks. The current research examines the causal processes responsible for this relation. Two studies capitalized on naturally occurring experiments whereby college students are quasi-randomly assigned to social contexts containing varying levels of attitudinal diversity. Replicating past research, individuals in attitudinally diverse social networks exhibited less resistance to attitude change and less attitude stability than those in more attitudinally congruent networks. Although there was evidence of attitude projection and selective network construction, neither of these processes could account for the relation between social network composition and attitude strength. These findings corroborate and extend previous results, reinforcing the notion that the social context in which people are embedded has important implications for the durability of their attitudes. 相似文献
330.
This study examined collective efficacy, group cohesion, and group performance in 125 randomly assigned groups of older (mean age 13.45 years) and younger (mean age 11.41 years) early adolescents working on three cooperative tasks. Collective motivation significantly predicted performance, even after controlling for past performance and self-efficacy for the older but not the younger participants. For the older (but not the younger) participants, groups with high collective efficacy and group cohesion scored higher on performance tasks than groups with low collective efficacy and group cohesion. The results point to the emergence of collective motivation beliefs in early adolescence, consistent with theories of social and cognitive development. Implications for theory and suggestions for future research are discussed. 相似文献