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921.
Kenneth I. Maton Douglas M. Teti Kathleen M. Corns Catherine C. Vieira-Baker Jacqueline R. Lavine Karen R. Gouze Daniel P. Keating 《American journal of community psychology》1996,24(4):551-587
Levels and correlates of parental support, peer support, partner support, and/or spiritual support among African American
and Caucasian youth were examined in three contexts: adolescent pregnancy (Study 1), first year of college (Study 2), and
adolescence and young adulthood (ages 15–29; Study 3). Partially consistent with a cultural specificity perspective, in different
contexts different support sources were higher in level and/or more strongly related to adjustment for one ethnic group than
the other. Among pregnant adolescents, levels of spiritual support were higher for African Americans than Caucasians; additionally,
peer support was positively related to well-being only for African Americans whereas partner support was positively related
to well-being only for Caucasians. Among college freshmen, family support was more strongly related to institutional and goal
commitment for African Americans than Caucasians; conversely, peer support was more strongly related to institutional and
goal commitment among Caucasians. Among 15 to 29-year-olds, levels of parental support and spiritual support were higher among
African Americans than Caucasians; additionally, spiritual support was positively related to self-esteem for African Americans
but not for Caucasians. Implications and limitations of the research are discussed.
The third study was supported by National Institute of Mental Health Grant RO1 MH40963. We thank Monica Greene, Shea Lyda,
Wendy Stevenson, and the many undergraduate students who contributed to the three research projects. We also acknowledge the
very thoughtful and helpful comments of the anonymous reviewers and the editor, Edison Trickett. 相似文献
922.
Blanck PD 《Behavioral sciences & the law》1996,14(1):5-27
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 is the most comprehensive federal civil rights law addressing discrimination against one-fifth of the American population. This article is meant to contribute to the emerging dialogue on ADA implementation by presenting information from a longitudinal investigation of employment integration and economic opportunity under the employment provisions of the ADA, set forth in Title I of the act. The broader relevance of the investigation to emerging questions under Title I law is described. Thereafter, the investigation's seven core findings are presented, and then the implications for future investigation of the ADA are examined. 相似文献
923.
This study explores the relationship between media use and political commitment. Undergraduate participants answered an extensive
political background questionnaire, which included measures of media use, perceived importance of information sources regarding
the 1992 presidential election, and various political behaviors as an index of political commitment. Correlational analyses
revealed that those who are more politically committed tend to select a variety of media sources regarding a presidential
candidate. This study also investigated how informational and commitment variables were related to attitudes towards the major
presidential candidates. Results observed for people expressing positive attitudes toward Perot are discussed in terms of
the modern day “third party voter.” 相似文献
924.
Sherlon P. Brown Thomas A. Parham Robert Yonker 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1996,74(5):510-516
The authors examine the influence of cross-cultural training on the racial identity attitudes of 35 White graduate counselors in training (10 men and 25 women) and the impact of gender on training. A pretest-posttest comparison of responses to the White Racial Identity Attitudes Survey (WRIAS) was used. Results indicated that the cross-cultural training course (a) influenced racial identity attitudes of White counselors in training and (b) racial identity attitudes were influenced by gender. 相似文献
925.
David B. Wiseman Irwin P. Levin 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》1996,66(3):241-250
In a series of three experiments, subjects made risky decisions under conditions of hypothetical or real consequences. Task variations across experiments included: (1) type of risk (monetary gambles or investments of time and effort), (2) within-subject and between-subjects manipulations of consequence condition, and (3) single or multiple decisions. The hypothesis of no difference between choices in real and hypothetical consequence conditions was retained in each experiment. Supplemental analyses ruled out various “artifactual” interpretations of the null results. Discussion focused on conditions in which researchers can and cannot infer decision makers’ actual risk preferences from their responses in laboratory tasks. 相似文献
926.
The National Conference of Catholic Bishops has argued for significant government involvement in health care in order to assure respect for what they regard as the right to health care. Critics charge that the bishops are wrong because health care is not a right. In this article, it is argued that these critics are correct in their claim that health care is not a right. However, it is also argued that the premise that health care is not a right does not imply that the market is the most equitable and just system for providing health care. Natural law arguments in the tradition of Roman Catholic social teaching lead to the conclusion that a just and prosperous society has a moral obligation to provide health care even if there is no such right. Further, there are strong moral grounds for concluding that the bishops are correct in their claim that health care ought not to be considered a market commodity. It is argued that if health care ought not to be considered a commodity, then national health insurance is the best available alternative for fulfilling the social obligation to distribute health care resources justly and fairly at this time in American history. The bishops' case for government involvement can be made on the strength of the Catholic tradition in theological argumentation, independent of the claim that health care is a right. 相似文献
927.
College students periodically experience many challenges in pursuit of their educational goals. Such experiences can have
deleterious effects on subsequent motivation and performance when they are perceived as negative. Research shows that some
students who experience negative events are buffered against motivational deficits, whereas others are motivationally at-risk.
Several individual difference variables have been proposed to account for such diverse reactions. A longitudinal field study
that involved three phases was conducted to extend this research. Phase I examined the motivational buffering effects of academic
attributional style on students' performance, motivation, and emotions. Results indicated that attributional style related
to students' performance, motivation, and emotions. Specifically, students who routinely made unstable and controllable attributions
for negative academic events exhibited the greatest performance and motivation compared to students who typically made stable
and uncontrollable attributions. Phases II and III were designed to examine the remedial benefits of attributional retraining
for different attributional styles. Findings indicated that attributional retraining influenced motivation, emotions, and
course grade. These results were qualified by the interaction between attributional style, attributional retraining, and time.
Findings are discussed within Weiner's (1985, 1986) attribution theory.
This research was based, in part, on the first author's dissertation submitted to the Department of Psychology and the Faculty
of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba in partial fulfillment for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. This research
was supported by a Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRCC) doctoral fellowship, a University of
Manitoba doctoral fellowship, and a SSHRCC postdoctoral fellowship to the first author. In addition, the research was also
supported by a SSHRCC research grant (#410911296) to the second author. The authors gratefully acknowledge the helpful comments
of Bernard Weiner, Harvey Keselman, John Adair, Rodney Clifton, and Robert Altemeyer. Also appreciated was the assistance
of Verena Menec and the Higher Education Research group. 相似文献
928.
René A. De Wijk Wim Vaessen Johannes Heidema E. P. Köster 《Behavior research methods》1996,28(3):383-391
An injection olfactometer for human psychophysical experiments is described. The olfactometer is capable of presenting, either mono- or birhinally, single odorants and binary mixtures. The pulse form of the olfactory stimulus at the exit of the olfactometer approaches a rectangular form, which makes the olfactometer well suited for olfactory reaction time measurements. Since stimulation periods are independent of the subject’s inhalation, time-intensity measurements over prolonged periods of time are possible as well. In the second part of this paper, a new technique is described for the measurement of the stimulus pulse form at the exit of the olfactometer. 相似文献
929.
P. A. S. Breslin G. K. Beauchamp E. N. Pugh 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1996,58(3):327-341
We investigated the ability of subjects to discriminate sugars with a whole-mouth forced-choice paradigm, in which a standard solution was compared with a test solution of varied concentration. Discrimination probabilities were U-shaped functions of test concentration: for 6 subjects and pairwise combinations of fructose, glucose, and sucrose, discriminability always declined to chance over a narrow range of test concentrations. At concentrations ≦ 100 mM, maltose was indiscriminable from fructose but discriminable at higher concentrations for 4 subjects. By analogy with themonochromacy of night vision, whereby any two lights are indiscriminable when their relative intensities are suitably adjusted, we call the gustatory indiscriminability of these sugarsmonogeusia. The simplest account of monogeusia is that all information about the indiscriminable sugars is represented by a single neural signal that varies only in magnitude. The discriminability of maltose from the other sugars at higher concentrations is consistent with the hypothesis that maltose also activates a second gustatory code. 相似文献
930.
During linear translation through a stationary environment, the pattern of optical flow generated on each retina is symmetrical when the head is aligned with the heading, but during lateral gaze the optical flow is asymmetric. We assessed whether human subjects could use the magnitude of this asymmetry to determine the direction of heading during passive translation through a 3-D environment. When allowed to move their heads in order to look in the direction of self-motion, subjects indicated their heading precisely and accurately. When the head was locked in alignment with the misaligned body, and gaze adjustments were not allowed, responses were quite precise, but showed a large bias which increased with increasing heading angle. 相似文献