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871.
Michael Malek-Ahmadi Jessica J. Powell Christine M. Belden Kathy O’Connor Linda Evans David W. Coon 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2013,20(6):755-761
The original validation study for the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) suggests a cutoff score of 26; however, this may be too stringent for older adults, particularly for those with less education. Given the rapidly increasing number of older adults and associated risk of dementia, this study aims to provide appropriate age- and education-adjusted norms for the MoCA. Data from 205 participants in an ongoing longevity study were used to derive normative data. Individuals were grouped based on age (70–79, 80–89, 90–99) and education level (≤12 Years, 13–15, ≥16 Years). There were significant differences between age and education groups with younger and more educated participants outperforming their counterparts. Forty-six percent of our sample scored below the suggested cutoff of 26. These normative data may provide a more accurate representation of MoCA performance in older adults for specific age and education stratifications. 相似文献
872.
Linda Clare Christopher J. Whitaker Sharon M. Nelis 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2013,20(4):462-491
ABSTRACT Background/Aims: To compare memory evaluations in healthy older people and people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and present standardised individual and dyadic methods for classifying degree of memory awareness in the participants with dementia. Methods: Cross-sectional study evaluating awareness of memory functioning and performance and providing normative data for healthy individuals and couples, together with comparison data from people with AD. Results: As a group, older people are reasonably accurate raters of their own memory functioning and performance, although considerable individual differences can be observed, and control dyads show good comparative accuracy. Comparing normative data from the control group to data from participants with AD confirms that significant overestimation is a frequent feature among people with dementia, with approximately two-thirds showing this pattern, although significant under-estimation is also reliably observed in a small proportion of people with dementia. Different types of measure elicit different profiles of memory awareness in participants with dementia. Conclusion: Normative data from older individuals and couples provides useful percentile-based indices for determining level of memory awareness in people with dementia. 相似文献
873.
Lena Fleig Sarah Pomp Linda Parschau Milena Barz Daniela Lange Ralf Schwarzer Sonia Lippke 《Psychology of sport and exercise》2013,14(5):632-639
ObjectivesIndividuals who enact a health behavior effortlessly with minimal conscious deliberation can be assumed to have formed a healthy habit. This can be reflected by increases in self-reported habit strength of a behavior. We examined whether physical exercise intentions facilitate changes in exercise habit strength by increasing the use of action planning and exercise.DesignTwo field studies investigated the effect of behavioral intentions on changes in habit strength through a sequential path from action planning to exercise.MethodExercise intentions, action planning, habit strength, and exercise were assessed at two measurement points in time in 231 university students (Study 1), and at four points in time in 134 rehabilitation patients (Study 2).ResultsIn multiple-step mediation models in both samples, there were indirect effects of intentions on habit strength through action planning and behavior.ConclusionAction planning and behavior operated as sequential mediators to bridge the gap between intentions and habit strength. Exercise habit strength may increase as a result of conscious action planning and frequent behavior enactment. Including these constructs jointly into behavior change models may improve the understanding of the mechanisms involved in behavior maintenance. 相似文献
874.
Robin Schacht Linda Hammond Maureen Marks Barbara Wood Susan Conroy 《Infant and child development》2013,22(1):68-84
This study investigated relations between mind‐mindedness in mothers with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and mental state understanding in their children. Participants were 20 mothers with BPD and 19 mothers without personality disorder and their children, aged 39–61 months. Children's mental state understanding was examined via a battery of theory of mind and emotion labelling tasks. Maternal mind‐mindedness was assessed by mothers' use of mental state references to describe their children relative to other attributes. Maternal BPD was associated with fewer references to children's mental states as well as poorer levels of mental state understanding in their children. Findings lend some empirical support to recent theoretical suggestions that BPD is associated with a reduced capacity for mentalization, as well as reduced capacity for mental state understanding in children of mothers with BPD. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
875.
Linda A. Chernus 《Psychoanalytic Social Work》2013,20(1):87-91
Abstract INSIDE OUT AND OUTSIDE IN, PSYCHODYNAMIC CLINICAL THEORY AND PRACTICE IN CONTEMPORARY MULTICULTURAL CONTEXTS. Berzoff, Joan, Laura Melano Flanagan, and Patricia Hertz, Editors. Northvale, New Jersey: Jason Aronson, 1996, $45.00. Reviewed by Irene Chung. 相似文献
876.
877.
Joanne Arciuli Linda Cupples 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2013,66(5):920-948
Many studies that have examined reading at the single-word level have been restricted to the processing of monosyllabic stimuli, and, as a result, lexical stress has not been widely investigated. In the experiments reported here, we used disyllabic words and nonwords to investigate the processing of lexical stress during visual word recognition. In Experiments 1 and 2, we found an effect of stress typicality in naming and lexical decision. Typically stressed words (trochaic nouns and iambic verbs) elicited fewer errors than atypically stressed words (iambic nouns and trochaic verbs). In Experiment 3, we carried out an analysis of 340 word endings and found clear orthographic correlates of both grammatical category and lexical stress in word endings. In Experiment 4, we demonstrated that readers are sensitive to these cues in their processing of nonwords during two tasks: sentence construction and stress assignment. We discuss the implications of these findings with regard to psycholinguistic models of single-word reading. 相似文献
878.
Abstract The family systems approach to drug abuse has illuminated the dysfunctional family dynamics often associated with adolescent drug abuse. However, for adults with long histories of drug problems, the model is less compelling. Evidence suggests that cultural variations, social class differences, individual and family life cycle development, and gender influence the origins and continuance of long-term drug abuse. Examples are offered of how these factors shape the adult course of drug addiction. The authors suggest that clinicians learn the particular meanings of individuals' family ties, dependencies and living arrangements. In doing so, they will consider the broader context in which drug abuse occurs and will enhance the accuracy and effectiveness of their assessments and treatment strategies. 相似文献
879.
This study examines outcomes of a women's substance abuse treatment program based on empowerment, choice, and client/therapist collaboration. The program was assessed through qualitative and quantitative research methods. The article includes extensive quotes from six client interviews as well as data from pre-post surveys of 50 women in the treatment program. Results show that the women felt they benefited from the collaborative treatment approach. Benefits to the women included feeling more empowered and learning to take responsibility for their lives. The importance of taking a broad view of recovery that includes ongoing evaluation of positive changes in various areas of the clients' lives is discussed. 相似文献
880.
Linda M. Hartling PhD 《Women & Therapy》2013,36(2-4):51-70
SUMMARY Building on Judith Jordan's earlier work on relational resilience, this paper challenges the commonly held view that resilience is a unique form of individual “toughness” endowed to a lucky few and suggests that resilience can be strengthened in all people through participation in growth-fostering relationships. The author reviews the research describing individual, internal characteristics associated with resilience and explores the relational aspects of these characteristics. A case example illustrates that efforts promoting relational development help people grow through and beyond experiences of hardship and adversity. In addition, the author proposes specific ways resilience can be strengthened through engagement in relationships that enhance one's intellectual development, sense of worth, sense of competence, sense of empowerment, and, most importantly, sense of connection. 相似文献