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301.
Crone EA Zanolie K Van Leijenhorst L Westenberg PM Rombouts SA 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2008,8(2):165-177
Feedback processing is crucial for successful performance adjustment following changing task demands. The present event-related
fMRI study was aimed at investigating the developmental differences in brain regions associated with different aspects of
feedback processing. Children age 8–11, adolescents age 14–15, and adults age 18–24 performed a rule switch task resembling
the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, and analyses focused on different types of negative and positive feedback. All age groups
showed more activation in lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
(DLPFC), and superior parietal cortex following negative relative to positive performance feedback, but the regions contributed
to different aspects of feedback processing and had separable developmental trajectories. OFC was adultlike by age 8–11, whereas
parietal cortex was adultlike by age 14–15. DLPFC and ACC, in contrast, were still developing after age 14–15. These findings
demonstrate that changes in separable neural systems underlie developmental differences in flexible performance adjustment.
Supplementary data from this study are available online at the Psychonomic Society Archive of Norms, Stimuli, and Data, atwww.psychonomic.org/archive. 相似文献
302.
Marjukka Pajulo Nancy Suchman Mirjam Kalland Linda Mayes 《Infant mental health journal》2006,27(5):448-465
Substance abuse during early motherhood has become a significant problem and has led to accelerated efforts to develop specific treatment facilities for these mothers and children. Despite the often intensive treatment efforts in residential settings, there is surprisingly little evidence of their efficacy for enhancing the quality of caregiving. The situation of these mother‐child pairs is exceptionally complex and multilevel, and has to be taken into account in the content and structuring of treatment. Intensive work in the “here and now” focusing on the mother‐child relationship from pregnancy onwards in an effort to enhance maternal reflective capacity and mindedness is considered a key element for better treatment prognosis, in terms of both abstinence and quality of parenting. Pioneering work with such a focus is described in this article. 相似文献
303.
Linda B. Bass Brent A. Taylor Carmen Knudson-Martin Douglas Huenergardt 《Contemporary Family Therapy》2006,28(1):87-109
This case study focused on the process of making sense of abuse in two Latino families experiencing sibling incest. Participants
included five male children ranging in age from 8 to 15 that were members of two families dealing with the issue of sibling
incest. The purpose of this study was to build understanding of how families experience sibling incest and its role in their
families. Clinical data from therapy sessions was analyzed to reveal that families made sense of the incest in different ways
including abuse as normal and abuse as a mistake. Central concepts that explained how the families responded to the sibling
incest included (1) level of family cohesion, (2) role of secrecy, and (3) view of outside systems. The findings suggest that
treatment needs to include an in-depth assessment regarding these issues. 相似文献
304.
Siobhan E Colgan Elizabeth Lanter Cara McComish Linda R Watson Elizabeth R Crais Grace T Baranek 《Child neuropsychology》2006,12(4-5):307-319
This study analyzes the emergent use of gestures used among 9-12-month-old infants with autism and typical development using retrospective video analysis. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the frequency, initiation, prompting, and diversity of types of gestures used for social interaction purposes. It was hypothesized that a restricted variety in type(s) of gestures as well as fewer child-initiated gestures and more prompted gestures would be associated with later diagnosis of autism. Logistic regression analysis found that decreased variety in type of gestures used was significantly associated with autism status. Neither number of total gestures nor initiation of gestures (child-initiated vs. prompted) was significantly associated with autism status. 相似文献
305.
Carolyn S. Henry Linda C. Robinson Rachel A. Neal Erron L. Huey 《Journal of child and family studies》2006,15(3):308-318
We used a systems perspective to examine relationships between adolescents’ perceptions of overall family system functioning and selected parental behaviors. Self-report questionnaire data from 160 ninth and tenth grade students were analyzed using MANCOVA and discriminant analysis. The results showed two parental behaviors, support and monitoring distinguished between types of overall family system functioning. Adolescents in balanced and moderately balanced overall family functioning reported greater parental support, while adolescents in balanced and extreme overall family functioning reported greater parental monitoring. We present the implications of our findings for parent education and assessment. 相似文献
306.
The learning experiences questionnaire (LEQ; Schaub & Tokar, 2005) was used to examine learning experiences as they relate to SCCT (Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994) across the Holland (1997) RIASEC typology. In particular, differences in men’s and women’s career related learning experiences were examined. A sample of 319 undergraduates at a public Midwestern university completed an online survey. Gender differences were observed in reported levels of some learning experiences; similar to prior findings for self-efficacy and interests, women reported more learning experiences in the Social domain, and men reported more experiences in the Realistic and Investigative domains. Results also supported that more reported learning experiences in a given domain relate to higher self-efficacy and outcome expectations in that domain. 相似文献
307.
Robert K. Bothwell Melissa A. Pigott Linda A. Foley Robert M. McFatter 《Journal of applied social psychology》2006,36(9):2134-2149
Mock jurors (college students and prospective jurors) made individual decisions regarding liability and damages (before and after deliberation) in response to a case of sexual harassment. There were no significant differences in damage awards from college students and prospective jurors. There was evidence of racial bias among White mock jurors against plaintiffs who accused a Black supervisor of sexual harassment: Lower damages were recommended for plaintiffs who accepted an offer to meet for drinks in a Black supervisor's room than for plaintiffs who accepted the same offer from a White supervisor. There was also evidence of racial bias among White mock jurors against Black plaintiffs: Lower damages were recommended for Black plaintiffs than for White plaintiffs. These effects were present in the individual judgments of college students and prospective jurors. However, these forms of racial bias did not carry over into the decisions made by juries comprised of college students or prospective jurors. Subtle racial biases operating primarily at a subconscious level may get washed out in the complex task of coming to agreement on an appropriate award. The effects of manipulated variables on damage awards probably are overestimated in general in mock juror studies that do not examine group verdicts. 相似文献
308.
Birsen Donmez Linda Ng Boyle John D. Lee Daniel V. McGehee 《Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour》2006,9(6):387-398
Studies were conducted to assess driver acceptance of and trust in distraction mitigation strategies. Previous studies have shown that in-vehicle tasks undermine driver safety, and that there is a need for strategies to reduce the effects of in-vehicle distractions. Trust and acceptance of such strategies strongly influence their effectiveness. Different strategies intended to reduce distraction were categorized in a taxonomy. Focus groups were conducted to help refine this taxonomy and explore driver acceptance issues related to these strategies. A driving simulator experiment was then conducted using two of the strategies: an advising strategy that warns drivers of potential dangers and a locking strategy that prevents the driver from continuing a distracting task. These strategies were presented to 16 middle-aged and 12 older drivers in two modes (auditory, visual) with two levels of adaptation (true, false). Older drivers accepted and trusted the strategies more than middle-aged drivers. Regardless of age, all drivers preferred strategies that provided alerts in a visual mode rather than an auditory mode. When the system falsely adapted to the road situation, trust in the strategies declined. The findings show that display modality has a strong effect on driver acceptance and trust, and that older drivers are more trusting and accepting of distraction mitigation technology even when it operates imperfectly. 相似文献
309.
The present study assessed the effect of interpersonal similarities between mentors and protégés in a large formal teacher
mentoring program. The dependent variables included protégés’ satisfaction with the services provided by the program and perception
of the program as influencing the decision to continue as a New York City Public School teacher. Two years of responses to
surveys indicated that mentor-protégés similarities, most notably in the relatively intangible areas of outside interests,
teaching styles, or personality types, fostered stronger relationships between mentors and protégés. 相似文献
310.
The American Journal of Psychoanalysis - Beyond revealing unconscious pathological identifications and traits—including their past usefulness but current toxicity—what techniques in our... 相似文献