Scott C. Carvajal  Carrie Hanson  Roberta A. Downing  Karin K. Coyle  Linda L. Pederson 《Journal of applied social psychology》2004,34(1):59-84

This study tested a broad array of determinants of smoking grounded in general social psychological theories, as well as personality and social development theories. Using data from 2,004 middle school students, all proximal and distal determinants significantly predicted smoking in the hypothesized direction. Further, hierarchical logistic regressions showed that intention to smoke, positive and negative attitudes toward smoking, impediments to smoking, self‐efficacy to resist smoking, parent norms, and academic success most strongly predicted current smoking. Hierarchical linear regressions suggested that parental relatedness, maladaptive coping strategies, depression, and low academic aspirations most strongly predicted susceptibility to smoking for those who had not yet smoked a cigarette. Global expectancies were the strongest predictor of susceptibility in low socioeconomic status students. These findings may guide the development of future theory‐based interventions that produce the greatest reductions in youth smoking.  相似文献   

    

James P. LePage  Kevin DelBen  Scott Pollard  Melanie McGhee  Linda VanHorn  James Murphy  Pamela Lewis  Ahmed Aboraya  Neil Mogge 《Behavioral Interventions》2003,18(3):179-190

Token economies are an effective way of changing various behaviors including acquiring new skills, reducing undesired behaviors, reducing aggression, increasing treatment compliance, and improving psychiatric unit management. This study examines the long‐term effect of a token economy on an acute care, inpatient psychiatric unit. The two years following the implementation of a unit based token economy are compared with the 12 months prior to implementation. The results show a significant reduction in total assaults as well as fewer staff injuries resulting in loss of time from work. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

    

Reed GK  Dolezal DN  Cooper-Brown LJ  Wacker DP 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2005,38(2):243-245

We evaluated the effects of sleep disruption on the mealtime behavior of a young boy with developmental disabilities. Results showed that bite acceptance was less likely to persist during meals following disrupted sleep, but only when escape extinction was not implemented. Findings are discussed in terms of establishing operations and the effects of sleep disruption on the assessment and treatment of feeding problems.  相似文献   

    

Linda G. Castillo  Daniel F. Brossart  Carla J. Reyes  Collie W. Conoley  Marion J. Phoummarath 《Journal of multicultural counseling and development》2007,35(4):243-255

This study examined the impact of multicultural training on multicultural counseling competencies and implicit racial prejudice. Results of a multilevel modeling analysis showed that only the multicultural counseling course was related to a decrease in implicit racial prejudice and an increase in cultural self‐awareness. Implications for multicultural training are discussed. Este estudio examinó el impacto de la formación multicultural en las competencias en consejería multicultural y el prejuicio racial implícito. Los resultados de un análisis de modelo a varios niveles mostraron que solo el curso en consejería multicultural estaba implicado en un descenso del prejuicio racial implícito y un aumento de la autoconciencia cultural. Se discuten las implicaciones para la formación multicultural.  相似文献   

    

Loraine K. Obler  Robert J. Zatorre  Linda Galloway  Jyotsna Vaid 《Brain and language》1982,15(1):40-54

The literature on lateralization for language in bilinguals manifests two apparent contradictions. Some papers demonstrate differences in lateralization between bilinguals and monolinguals; others demonstrate none. In studies with exclusively bilingual subjects, some papers demonstrate differences between the lateralization for the two languages, while others demonstrate none. This paper discusses the range of methodological parameters which must be borne in mind when conducting or evaluating studies of lateralization for language in bilinguals. These include issues of subject selection, language and stimulus selection, testing procedures, data analysis, and interpretation of results.  相似文献   

    

Dr. Clorinda G. Margolis  Daniel W. Edwards  Linda P. Shrier  Marsha Cramer 《American journal of community psychology》1975,3(1):59-67

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Linda A. Ovington  Anthony J. Saliba  Jeremy Goldring 《创造力研究杂志》2016,28(3):342-347

This article reports the development of a brief self-report measure of dispositional insight problem solving, the Dispositional Insight Scale (DIS). From a representative Australian database, 1,069 adults (536 women and 533 men) completed an online questionnaire. An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis revealed a 5-item scale, with all items loading onto a single factor. Internal consistency was acceptable with a Cronbach’s alpha of .74. The DIS showed convergent validity with other constructs that are theoretically related to insight: High need for cognition, intuition and positive affect. Normative data for the scale are also reported. The DIS appears to be useful for measuring a disposition toward insight in problem-solving.  相似文献   

    

Linda S. Gottfredson 《Psychological inquiry》2016,27(3):210-217

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John P. Pestian PhD  Jacqueline Grupp‐Phelan MD  Kevin Bretonnel Cohen PhD  Gabriel Meyers LSW  Linda A. Richey LSW  Pawel Matykiewicz MS  Michael T. Sorter MD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2016,46(2):154-159

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Jay Buzhardt  Lisa Rusinko  Linda Heitzman‐Powell  Sylvia Trevino‐Maack  Ashley McGrath 《Family process》2016,55(1):107-122

The present paper takes a translational approach in applying the themes of the current special section to prevention and intervention science in Latino families. The paper reviews the current literature on cultural processes in prevention and intervention research with Latino families. Overall, many prevention and intervention programs have either been developed specifically for Latino families or have been modified for Latino families with great attention paid to the socio‐cultural needs of these families. Nevertheless, few studies have tested the role of cultural values or acculturation processes on outcomes. We make recommendations based on findings within basic science and in particular this special section on the incorporation of these values and processes into prevention and intervention science with Latino families.  相似文献