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921.
Local and global processing in savant artists with autism 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We explored the hypothesis that an enhanced local processing style is characteristic of both art and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by examining local and global processing in savant artists with ASD. Specifically, savant artists were compared against non-talented individuals with ASD or mild/moderate learning difficulties (MLD), as well as artistically talented or nontalented students, on the block-design task and meaningful and abstract versions of the embedded figures test (EFT). Results demonstrated that there were no significant differences between the meaningful and abstract versions of the EFT, in any of the groups. This suggests that the primary process governing performance on this task was perceptual (local), rather than conceptual (global). More interestingly, the savant artists performed above the level of the ASD and MLD groups on the block-design test, but not the EFT. Despite both the block-design task and the EFT measuring local processing abilities, we suggest that this result is due to the block-design task being an active construction task (requiring the conversion of a visual input into a motor output), whereas the EFT is a passive recognition task. Therefore, although an enhanced local processing style is an important aspect of savant artistic talent, motor control also appears to be a necessary skill. 相似文献
922.
923.
Linda G. Castillo Araceli López‐Arenas Isaac M. Saldivarxys 《Journal of multicultural counseling and development》2010,38(2):88-98
This study examined the influence of acculturation, enculturation, parental education level, financial concerns, and gender on 106 Mexican American high school students' decisions to apply to college. Results indicated that acculturation and female gender were significant predictors. Implications for interventions with Latino high school students are discussed. Este estudio examinó la influencia de la aculturación, la enculturación, el nivel de educación de los padres, las preocupaciones financieras y el sexo del sujeto sobre la decisión de 106 estudiantes de secundaria mejicanos‐americanos de solicitar acceso a estudios universitarios. Los resultados indicaron que la aculturación y el sexo femenino mostraron una capacidad de predición significativa. Se discuten las implicaciones para intervenciones con estudiantes de secundaria latinos. 相似文献
924.
Linda Rhoades Shanock Benjamin E. Baran William A. Gentry Stacy Clever Pattison Eric D. Heggestad 《Journal of business and psychology》2010,25(4):543-554
Polynomial regression with response surface analysis is a sophisticated statistical approach that has become increasingly
popular in multisource feedback research (e.g., self-observer rating discrepancy). The approach allows researchers to examine
the extent to which combinations of two predictor variables relate to an outcome variable, particularly in the case when the
discrepancy (difference) between the two predictor variables is a central consideration. We believe this approach has potential
for application to a wide variety of research questions. To enhance interest and use of this technique, we provide ideas for
future research directions that might benefit from the application of this analytic tool. We also walk through a step-by-step
example of how to conduct polynomial regression and response surface analysis and provide all the tools you will need to do
the analyses and graph the results (including SPSS syntax, formulas, and a downloadable Excel spreadsheet). Our example involves
how discrepancies in perceived supervisor and organizational support relate to affective commitment. Finally, we discuss how
this approach is a better, more informative alternative to difference scores and can be applied to the examination of two-way
interactions in moderated regression. 相似文献
925.
Lisa M. Hooper Mark Richardson Linda L. Knol Nyshetia White-Chapman Lixin Qu Natalie J. Hannah 《Contemporary Family Therapy》2010,32(3):320-334
In this pilot study, we examined the relationship between health factors, sociodemographic factors, and body mass index (BMI)
across two generations (n = 41 parent-child pairs). Generation 1 study variables included parent- and family-focused characteristics and health variables,
the Generation 2 variables included child demographic factors, and the outcome variable was youths’ physical health (operationalized
as BMI). Regression models revealed that Generation 1 variables, taken together, accounted for 26% of the variance in youth
BMI. However, only the parent’s mental health symptoms (i.e., depression symptoms) made a unique contribution to the variance
in youth BMI. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the youths’ race and age—but no other demographic factor—were significantly
related to youth BMI-for-age. Our findings suggest that youth race, age, and parent mental health are each associated with
youth physical health (i.e., BMI), confirming previous study findings that parental factors and demographic factors should
be considered when exploring youth health outcomes. 相似文献
926.
Schwartz SJ Weisskirch RS Hurley EA Zamboanga BL Park IJ Kim SY Umaña-Taylor A Castillo LG Brown E Greene AD 《Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology》2010,16(4):548-560
The present studies examined the extent to which (a) communalism, familism, and filial piety would pattern onto a single family/relationship primacy construct; (b) this construct would be closely related to indices of collectivism; and (c) this construct would be related to positive psychosocial functioning and psychological distress. In Study 1, 1,773 students from nine colleges and universities around the United States completed measures of communalism, familism, and filial piety, as well as of individualistic and collectivistic values. Results indicated that communalism, familism, and filial piety clustered onto a single factor. This factor, to which we refer as family/relationship primacy, was closely and positively related to collectivism but only weakly and positively related to individualism and independence. In Study 2, 10,491 students from 30 colleges and universities in 20 U.S. states completed measures of communalism, familism, and filial piety, as well as of positive psychosocial functioning and psychological distress. The family/relationship primacy factor again emerged and was positively associated with both positive psychosocial functioning and psychological distress. Clinical implications and future directions for the study of cultural values are discussed. 相似文献
927.
928.
HIV‐related stigma in social interactions: Approach and avoidance behaviour in a virtual environment
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Henna L. Toppenberg Arjan E. R. Bos Robert A. C. Ruiter Daniël H. J. Wigboldus John B. Pryor 《European journal of social psychology》2015,45(2):169-179
People living with HIV are a stigmatized group in our society, especially homosexual people living with HIV. One of the behavioural manifestations of stigmatization is an increased interpersonal distance kept during social interactions. Immersive virtual environment technology enables the experimental study of social interactions in an accurate and relatively unobtrusive manner. Using a virtual hospital room, we measured to what extent diagnosis (HIV, cancer or broken leg) and sexual orientation (homosexual or heterosexual) were related to approach behaviour (based on the interpersonal distance and the speed of approach), and the degree patients were looked at (as was obtained from an additional exploration of our head orientation data). Moreover, implicit and explicit attitudes were predicted to moderate this relationship. Participants (N = 50) were healthy, heterosexual students. A main effect of diagnosis revealed larger interpersonal distances from patients with HIV than from patients with cancer. Also, an interaction effect demonstrated that distances were largest when the HIV patient was homosexual. Furthermore, a main effect of diagnosis showed that HIV and cancer patients were approached more slowly than broken leg patients, an effect that was larger for HIV than for cancer patients. In addition, head orientation analyses revealed that patients with HIV were relatively ‘looked at’ more often as well as relatively ‘looked away from’ less often than patients with cancer and patients with a broken leg. None of these effects however were found to be moderated by implicit and explicit attitudes. These findings provide behavioural evidence for the stigmatization of people living with HIV and homosexuals with HIV in particular. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
929.
930.
THE PRENATAL PARENTAL REFLECTIVE FUNCTIONING QUESTIONNAIRE: EXPLORING FACTOR STRUCTURE AND CONSTRUCT VALIDITY OF A NEW MEASURE IN THE FINN BRAIN BIRTH COHORT PILOT STUDY
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