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821.
Pfiffner LJ McBurnett K Rathouz PJ Judice S 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2005,33(5):551-563
Comorbidities among children with ADHD are key determinants of treatment response, course, and outcome. This study sought
to separate family factors (parental psychopathology and parenting practices) associated with comorbid Oppositional Defiant
Disorder (ODD) from those associated with Conduct Disorder (CD) among children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.
Clinic-referred families (n = 149) were diagnosed using DSM-IV criteria. Parents completed measures of parenting practices. Comorbid ODD and CD were
significantly associated with maternal negative/ineffective discipline. Comorbid CD, but not ODD, was significantly associated
with lack of maternal warmth and involvement, paternal negative/ineffective discipline, and with paternal Antisocial Personality
Disorder (APD). However, the risk of CD posed by parenting appeared concentrated among children without a father having APD.
While consistent discipline appears important for addressing comorbid ODD and CD, paternal psychopathology and the quality
of the relationship between mother and child may pose risk specifically for comorbid CD. Efforts to prevent and/or treat CD
should consider not only provision of structure and prudent discipline, but also the affective qualities of the relationship
between the primary caretaker and child. 相似文献
822.
Linda?Garcia-SheltonEmail author Gerald?Leventhal 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2005,12(3):221-234
Psychologists in medical schools, teaching hospitals, and academic medical centers are comparatively small in number, and are often undervalued and denied full practice privileges. As a profession, psychologists must therefore adapt to the realities of a physician-driven, physician-controlled environment. Psychologists’ adaptation to academic medical settings has been considered from several vantage points. An overlooked aspect of adaptation is psychologists’ knowledge of and participation in academic medicine organizations that regulate medical education and specialization. These organizations significantly influence teaching hospital and medical school environments and the psychologists and academic physicians who work in those environments. This paper focuses primarily on three academic medicine organizations, the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME), the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), and the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS), which together shape and regulate medical education across all levels and specialties. Knowledge of the evolution and workings of these organizations is useful information for psychologists, but beyond that, such information is a framework that provides benchmarks for understanding psychology’s evolving system of education and specialization. 相似文献
823.
Rueckert L 《Behavior research methods》2005,37(2):271-276
Many studies have examined cerebral asymmetry via lateralized presentation of stimuli using specialized software. Because
these studies typically require extensive control over variables such as stimulus exposure duration, size, location, and so
forth, they are not easily transferred to the World Wide Web. The present study replicated a free-vision, chimeric faces task
via the Internet, using HTML and JavaScript. Previous results had shown that right-handed participants tend to perceive a
chimeric face with a smile to their (the viewers’) left as happier than its mirror image. That result was replicated in the
Web-based study, and the leftward bias was actually significantly greater than that found using the traditional pencil-and-paper
version of the task. Possible reasons for this difference are discussed. 相似文献
824.
Özden Melis Uluğ Maria Chayinska Linda R. Tropp 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2023,33(2):501-518
Previous research has indicated that witnessing gender discrimination may instigate women's participation in collective action for gender justice. However, relatively little is known about the role of perceived female support in motivating collective action among women who witness gender discrimination in public life. This study aims to analyse whether and when perceived support from feminist-minded women moderates the association between women's witnessing gender discrimination and their willingness to engage in collective action for gender justice. We argue that the association between witnessing gender discrimination and willingness to engage in collective action depends on the support women perceive from their female friends and family members. In studies of women in the U.S. (Study 1; N = 271) and Ukraine (Study 2; N = 256), witnessing gender discrimination predicted greater willingness to participate in collective action for gender justice, and this association was stronger when female support was perceived to be lower. Study 3 (N = 1,304) replicated the findings of Studies 1 and 2 with self-identified feminist women in Turkey. Our research offers novel insights regarding why perceived lack of female support may encourage women to engage in collective action for gender justice. 相似文献
825.
Linda Ficco Veronika I. Müller Jürgen M. Kaufmann Stefan R. Schweinberger 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2023,114(Z1):45-69
Two competing theories explain the other-‘race’ effect (ORE) either by greater perceptual expertise to same-‘race’ (SR) faces or by social categorization of other-‘race’ (OR) faces at the expense of individuation. To assess expertise and categorization contributions to the ORE, a promising—yet overlooked—approach is comparing activations for different other-‘races’. We present a label-based systematic review of neuroimaging studies reporting increased activity in response to OR faces (African, Caucasian, or Asian) when compared with the SR of participants. Hypothetically, while common activations would reflect general aspects of OR perception, ‘race’-preferential ones would represent effects of ‘race’-specific visual appearance. We find that several studies report activation of occipito-temporal and midcingulate areas in response to faces across different other-‘races’, presumably due to high demand on the visual system and category processing. Another area reported in response to all OR faces, the caudate nucleus, suggests the involvement of socio-affective processes and behavioural regulation. Overall, our results support hybrid models—both expertise and social categorization contribute to the ORE, but they provide little evidence for reduced motivation to process OR faces. Additionally, we identify areas preferentially responding to specific OR faces, reflecting effects of visual appearance. 相似文献
826.
Linda D. Cameron Paul M. Brown Judith G. Chapman 《Journal of applied social psychology》1998,28(8):675-697
This study assessed whether social value orientations influence decisions to actively support a proposal for a transportation pollution reduction program. Participants with prosocial or proself orientations were given the opportunity to send letters of support or opposition to the program director. Proself participants were more likely to send letters opposing the program, whereas prosocial participants were more likely to send letters of support. Although proself and prosocial participants reported equivalent support for the program and equivalent perceptions of the program's environmental benefits, proself participants reported higher perceptions of personal costs associated with the program. Social value orientations may lead to differences in environmental behaviors, primarily because of differences in perceptions of the personal costs incurred from engaging in these behaviors. 相似文献
827.
The context of counselling includes such factors as the physical environment of the counselling room, the emotional climate of the counselling agency, the relationship between the agency and the community it serves, and the cultural beliefs and values which inform both counsellor and client. It is argued that these factors can make a difference to the relationship between counsellor and client, and the process and outcome of counselling. It is suggested that contextual issues have been largely ignored in counselling theory, research and practice, and that increased attention to context has the potential to contribute to the creation of more responsive and effective counselling services. 相似文献
828.
Linda Machin 《British Journal of Guidance & Counselling》1998,26(3):387-397
The issues involved in the use of counselling skills and approaches by members of professions such as nursing and social work have received relatively little research attention. Grief counselling represents an appropriate area in which to explore these issues, since members of many diverse professional groups may be called on to work therapeutically or supportively with the bereaved. This paper explores the use of grief counselling in a variety of professional and voluntary contexts, through an analysis of the experience of students who had undertaken a bereavement counselling course. The aim of the study was to explore the level of awareness shown by employing organisations to the 'loss' element of client experience, and the implications of organisational context for the role of counsellor as a worker responding to client grief. A range of practice characteristics emerged. At one end of the spectrum was clearly focused and contracted grief counselling, usually within the context of specialist voluntary agencies. By contrast, there were practitioners whose counselling response to grief was concealed within a multi-professional perspective characterised by compromise, usually working in complex organisational contexts in the statutory sector. It is argued that the range of practitioner activity cannot be understood simply by describing some activities as counselling and others as the use of counselling skills; it seems that there is a real and sometimes subtle middle ground which lies between the two. This is territory which is determined by the context of practice and needs to be understood and defined as such 相似文献
829.
Cathleen C. Piazza Wayne W. Fisher Gregory P. Hanley Linda A. Leblanc April S. Worsdell Steven E. Lindauer Kris M. Keeney 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1998,31(2):165-189
We conducted functional analyses of the pica of 3 participants. The pica of 1 participant appeared to be maintained by automatic reinforcement; that of the other 2 participants appeared to be multiply controlled by social and automatic reinforcement. Subsequent preference and treatment analyses were used to identify stimuli that would compete with the automatic function of pica for the 3 participants. These analyses also identified the specific aspect of oral stimulation that served as automatic reinforcement for 2 of the participants. In addition, functional analysis-based treatments were used to address the socially motivated components of 2 of the participants' pica. Results are discussed in terms of (a) the importance of using the results of functional analyses to develop treatments for pica and (b) the advantages of developing indirect analyses to identify specific sources of reinforcement for automatically reinforced behavior. 相似文献
830.
Most images of sexual abuse in contemporarysociety involve adult male perpetrators and femalevictims. In this paper, we consider the effects of childsexual abuse on the adult male gender roles of boyhood survivors of abuse. Specifically, we examinethe effects of coerced male-on-male (CM), coercedfemale-on-male (CF), and non-coerced female-on-male (NF)sexual contact on attitudes toward and behavior in adult heterosexual relationships. Usinglongitudinal data from 105 predominantly AfricanAmerican, working class men, we first document theprevalence of all 3 types of abuse within our sample.Consistent with gender socialization hypotheses, we foundthat relative to non-abused men, CM and CF survivorswere more likely to report violence toward intimatepartners. Compared to CF and NF survivors, CM survivors reported being kinder to women. CF survivorswere more likely to have committed sex offenses relativeto CM and NF survivors. 相似文献