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341.
Linda J. Cooper David P. Wacker Deanna Thursby Lee Ann Plagmann Jay Harding Thomas Millard Mark Derby 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1992,25(4):823-840
Two studies were conducted with children who displayed behavior problems to evaluate the effects of task preference, task demands, and adult attention on child behavior. In Study 1, we conducted brief functional analyses in an outpatient clinic to identify variables that facilitated appropriate behavior. For 8 of 10 children, distinct patterns of performance occurred; 3 children displayed improved behavior with changes in task demands, 1 child displayed improved behavior with a preferred task, and 4 children displayed improved behavior with changes in adult attention. In most cases, the children's parents carried out the assessments with adequate procedural integrity. In Study 2, we applied similar assessment methods to a classroom setting over an extended period of time. We identified independent variables controlling appropriate, on-task, and academic behavior for 2 children on two tasks, with slightly different treatment procedures across tasks for both children. In addition, the results of brief functional analyses for both children corresponded to the extended classroom assessments. 相似文献
342.
This research examined the relationship between narcissism, as measured by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI; Raskin & Hall, 1979), and body image, as measured by the Body-Self Relations Questionnaire ( Winstead & Cash, 1984), in a nonclinical sample of college students. Also examined were narcissism's relationships to masculinity, femininity, and self-esteem. Results indicated that more narcissistic individuals had more favorable body images and were higher in masculinity and self-esteem. No gender differences were observed in either the levels of narcissism or its body image correlates. Overall, the findings suggest that the NPI measures “adjusted” narcissism rather than the “maladaptive” narcissism emphasized in theoretical and clinical accounts of the construct. 相似文献
343.
In the light of recent research concerned with children's understanding of mind, a study was conducted in order to test the hypotheses (a) that only older children (i.e., 8-year-olds) would understand that emotional states can influence cognitive performance, but (b) that both older and younger children (i.e., 5- and 8-year-olds) would understand its influence upon cognitive motivation. Children were explicitly questioned about the consequences for cognition and motivation of negative affect. Results based on children's predictions and justifications provided substantial support for the hypotheses.Sincere thanks are extended to the teachers and children of Hillside Infant and Junior Schools and Frithwood Primary School, Northwood, Middlesex. We wish also to express our gratitude to two anonymous reviewers for their comments on an earlier version of this paper. 相似文献
344.
Linda C. Barr John C. Markowitz James H. Kocsis 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1992,14(4):337-342
High prevalence, morbidity, and response to treatment make the detection of dysthymic disorder an important public health issue. We report our experience with the General Behavioral Inventory, a self-report questionnaire developed to detect affective illness, including dysthymic disorder. In a small sample of psychiatric outpatients the instrument yielded a sensitivity of 61% and a specificity of 88% for dysthymic disorder. These results challenge the utility of this instrument for detecting dysthymic disorder in this population.This work was supported in part by Grants MH-19069 and MH7103 from the National Institutes of Mental Health. 相似文献
345.
Linda L. Terry EdD 《Contemporary Family Therapy》1992,14(3):199-210
This article proposes that most couples requesting therapy describe gender socialized patterns as part of their relationship issues. Adding a component to assessment derived from principles of strategic and systemic family therapies and post-modernist feminist psychology which examines the couple's gendered belief system context is described. The belief system context is identified as the family's epistemology about gendering at the family belief system and sociocultural belief system level contexts. Three dimensions of the gendered belief system and a method for assessing the functionality of the belief system are discussed. 相似文献
346.
For example, psychological disturbance is stigmatizing, so knowledge that the suicide victim was psychiatrically disturbed may decrease the possibility that others will imitate the act. To assess this possibility, 306 undergraduate volunteers read a fictitious newspaper article about a 16-year-old high school sophomore, Pat, who committed suicide. There were 7 variations of the article, 4 containing negative circumstances (psychiatric disturbance, romantic relationship breakup, parents’ divorce, alcohol problems), and 2 containing positive circumstances (being a varsity athlete, being an honors student). A control group received no information about circumstances. Knowledge of Pat's life circumstances had no effect on respondents’ estimates of the possibility of the suicide being imitated, but did affect attitudes about the suicidal act itself and attitudes toward Pat's family. Apparently the circumstances surrounding the suicide have no affect on respondents’ estimates of themselves following suit, but do affect how they see the victim and bereaved family. 相似文献
347.
Jennifer J. McComas David P. Wacker Linda J. Cooper Jennifer M. Asmus David Richman Beth Stoner 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1996,29(3):397-401
Brief multielement designs were used to examine the effects of specific instructional strategies on accuracy of academic performance during outpatient evaluations of 4 children with learning disorders. Instructional strategies that improved accuracy on academic tasks were identified for all participants. These results suggest that the application of experimental analysis methodologies to instructional variables may facilitate the identification of stimulus prompts that are associated with enhanced academic performance. 相似文献
348.
349.
John A. Cunningham Linda S. Sobell Mark B. Sobell 《Journal of applied social psychology》1996,26(9):773-780
Visitors to a science center (N= 189) responded to a questionnaire measuring their agreement with different conceptions of alcohol abuse (disease, sin, habit, and addiction conceptions) and their beliefs regarding treatment for alcohol abusers. Respondents who agreed with a disease concept thought alcohol abuse was a more serious problem, were more skeptical of statements about recovery, and were more likely to feel that treatment was necessary to achieve change, compared to those who disagreed with or were neutral toward the disease concept. Agreement with the sin, habit, and addiction conceptions was not related to beliefs about treatment and outcome. The utility of promoting various conceptualizations of alcohol abuse is discussed. 相似文献
350.
This paper examines the phenomenon of False Memory Syndrome (FMS). In the last decade there has been an increase in the number
of adult individuals who report childhood sexual abuse only to recant their allegations. Recanters and the falsely accused
are specifying that therapeutic interventions by trusted and, at times, well intentioned therapists facilitated their false
memories. The theory of repression, reliability of memory, recovery techniques, and characteristics of therapist and clients
are explored. This paper also discusses a number of cases that have been filed, and some guidelines for therapists who work
or plan to work in the recovery of repressed memories. 相似文献