Glycosylated Hemoglobin Level,Race/Ethnicity,and Cognition in Midlife and Early Old Age

Empirical evidence linking racial/ethnic differences in glycosylated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c) to cognitive function in midlife and early old age is limited. We use biomarker data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS, 2006–2014), on adults 50–64 years at baseline (57–73 years by 2014), and fit multinomial logistic regression models to assess the association between baseline HbA1c, cognitive function (using Langa–Weir classifications) and mortality across 8 years. Additionally, we test for modification effects by race/ethnicity. In age- and sex-adjusted models high HbA1c level was associated with lower baseline cognition and higher relative risk ratios (RRR; vs. normal cognition) for cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND; RRR = 2.3; 95%CI = [1.38;3.84]; p < .01), and dementia (RRR = 4.00; 95%CI = [1.76;9.10]; p < .01). Adjusting for sociodemographic, behavioral risk factors, and other health conditions explained the higher RRR for CIND and attenuated the RRR for dementia by approximately 30%. HbA1c levels were not linked to the slope of cognitive decline, and we found no evidence of modification effects for HbA1c by race/ethnicity. Targeting interventions for glycemic control in the critical midlife period can protect baseline cognition and buffer against downstream development of cognitive impairment. This can yield important public health benefits and reductions in burdens associated with cognitive impairment, particularly among race/ethnic minorities who are at higher risk for metabolic diseases.     

Searching for nothing: placing zero on the temporal continuum

Animal Cognition - Generalization allows responses acquired in one situation to be transferred to similar situations. For temporal stimuli, a discontinuity has been found between zero and non-zero...     

The Impact of Parental ADHD Symptoms on Parenting Practices and Stress After Behavioral Intervention: Comparisons across Co-occurring Presentations

Journal of Child and Family Studies - The goal of this study was to examine whether parent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms impact parenting outcomes (i.e., parenting...     

Cetacean responses to violation of expectation paradigm in a free-swim context

Animal Cognition - The investigation of individual responses to unexpected stimuli or outcomes provides insights into basic cognitive processes, such as mental representations, emotional states of...     

继承传统适应时代面向未来——《道风集》增订本介绍

10年前,上海道教协会编辑出版了陈莲笙道长的著述《道风集——道教的发展和道士的修养》。今天,在陈道长九秩松寿的日子里,又出版了这本书的增订本,可以说是锦上添花。增订本《道风集》与初版《道风集》相比,内容上更加充实,增加了陈道长近十年来的著述;编排上作了修正,并加入了许多珍贵的照片,使整本书显得更为生动,不仅具有阅读价值,而且增加了收藏价值。该书由上海辞书出版社出版,大32开,封面上印有陈老道长的大幅道装照片,装帧上显得大气且富有道教文化气息。